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psychology 1020 > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

Personality

A

A persons characteristic thoughts, emotional responses, and behaviors

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2
Q

Personality trait

A

A pattern of thought, emotion, and behavior that is relatively consistent over time and across situations.

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3
Q

Parenting style has great influence on personality?

A

False

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4
Q

Inhibited

A

Newborns who are distressed by new situations and stimuli

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5
Q

Temperaments

A

Biologically based tendencies to feel or act a certain way

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6
Q

Five-Factor Theory

A

Personality is described using five factors: Openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism.

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7
Q

Trait Approaches

A

Approaches to studying personality that focus on how individuals differ in personality dispositions.

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8
Q

revised reinforcement sensitivity theory

A

Based on the idea that the brain structure uses Behavioral Approach Systems and Behavioural Inhibition Systems + Fight-Flight-Freeze system to promote or inhibit behaviors that lead to reward or punishment

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9
Q

Carl Rogers Person-Centered Approach

A

Personality is influenced by how we understand ourselves and how other evaluate us, which leads to conditions of worth or unconditional positive regard.

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10
Q

Locus of control

A

How much people believe they have control over what happens in their lives.

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11
Q

Reciprocal Determinism

A

Albert Banduras theory that three factors interact with one another to influence personality: environment, person factors, and behavior

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12
Q

Need for cognition

A

The tendency to want to engage in complex thought.

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13
Q

Situationalism

A

The theory that behavior is determined more by situations than personality traits. There are strong and weak situations.

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14
Q

Interactionism

A

The theory that behavior is determined jointly by situations and underlying dispositions. People react consistently in the same situation over time.

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15
Q

Idiographic Approaches

A

Person centered approaches to assessing personality that focus on individual lives and unique characteristics

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16
Q

Nomothetic approaches

A

Approaches to assessing personality that focus on the variation in common characteristics from person to person (Big 5)

17
Q

Projective Measures

A

Personality tests that examine tendencies to respond in a particular way when interpreting ambiguous stimuli.

18
Q

What determines accuracy of evaluation of personality traits.

A

Observability and evaluativeness

19
Q

Self-Concept

A

Larger idea encompassing all the information and beliefs we hold about who we are, what made us tat way, and what motivates us. Identify.

20
Q

Self-Schema

A

Knowledge structure within the self-concept that contains memories, beliefs, and generalizations about the self and helps people efficiently perceive, organize, and interpret information related to themselves.

21
Q

Reflected Appraisal

A

Process of learning about oneself through the eyes of others.

22
Q

Sociometer theory

A

Self-esteem is used as a mechanism for monitoring the likelihood of social exclusion. Based on the fundamental human need to belong.

23
Q

Self-esteem

A

Evaluative aspect of the self-concept in which people feel worthy or unworthy.

24
Q

Dark triad

A

Narcissism, psychopathy, machiavellianism

25
Q

Better than average effect

A

People describe themselves as above average in nearly every way.

26
Q

Social comparison

A

Tendency for people to evaluate their own skills by comparing them with other peoples. Upward comparisons make us feel bad and downward comparisons make us feel good.

27
Q

Self-serving bias

A

Tendency for people to take personal credit for success but blame failure on external factors

28
Q

Twin study

A

Identical twins were found to be much more similar personality wise than fraternal twins.

29
Q

Three measures of temperament

A

Activity, emotionality, sociability.

30
Q

Biological trait theory

A

Personality is composed of traits that occur in three dimensions: extraversion/introversion, emotionally stable/neurotic, and psychoticism (contraint)

psychology 1020 (10 decks)

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