Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Behaviorism

A

Psychological approach that emphasizes environmental influences on observable behaviors

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2
Q

Biopsychosocial model

A

An approach to psychological science that integrates biological factors, psychological processes, and social influences.

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3
Q

Distributed Practice

A

Learning material in spread out bursts of time

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4
Q

Elaborative interrogation

A

Learning by asking yourself why a fact is true or a process operates the way it does.

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5
Q

Epigenetics

A

Study of biological or environmental influences on gene expression that are not part of inherited genes

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6
Q

Functionalism

A

Approach to psychology concerned with the adaptive function of mind and behavior

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7
Q

Interleaved practice

A

Switching between topics during studying

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8
Q

Mind/body problem

A

Psychological debate on whether the mind and body are separate or whether the mind is simply the physical brains subjective experience

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9
Q

Natural selection

A

Idea that those who inherit characteristics that help them adapt to their environments have a selective advantage over those who do not.

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10
Q

Nature/nurture debate

A

Argument concerning whether psychological characteristics are biologically innate or acquired through experience

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11
Q

Open science movement

A

Social movement in science to improve methods, increase research transparency, and promote data sharing

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12
Q

Psychological science

A

Study through research of mind, brain, and behavior

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13
Q

Retrieval-based learning

A

Learning new information by repeatedly recalling it from long-term memory

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14
Q

Self-explanation

A

Reflecting on your learning process and translating material into your own words

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15
Q

Stream of consciousness

A

Phrase coined by William James (Functionalism) to describe each persons continuous series of thoughts. Believed the mind was too complex to be studied as a whole.

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16
Q

Mind

A

Mental activity such as memories, thoughts, feelings, and perceptual experience (5 senses)

17
Q

Brain

A

Biochemical processed that arouse the mental activity

18
Q

Behavior

A

Totality of observable actions

19
Q

What process takes over for decision making when mentally fatigued

A

Ego

20
Q

Confirmation bias

A

Tendency to look for information that confirms our beliefs

21
Q

Illusory correlation

A

Tendency to assume causality from correlations

22
Q

Hindsight bias

A

Tendency to provide an explanation of an event after it occurred

23
Q

Availability heuristic

A

Tendency to believe accessible information

24
Q

Cooperative motivation

A

Primates expect others to help

25
Q

Imitative learning

A

Only humans imitate behavior without a reward

26
Q

Ratchet effect

A

Cumulative addition of inventions one generation to another. We are able to understand inventions after the inventor has passed.