Chapter 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychotherapy

A

Generic name given to formal psychological treatment

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2
Q

Biological therapies

A

Treatments of psychological disorders based on medical approaches to disease and to illness.

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3
Q

Who pioneered psychoanalysis

A

Sigmund Freud

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4
Q

Psychodynamic therapy

A

Form of therapy based on Freudian theory; aims to help clients examine their needs, defenses, and motives as a way of understanding distress. Provides awareness of unconscious conflicts so they can be resolved

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5
Q

Behavior therapy

A

Treatment based on the premise that behavior is learned and can therefore be unlearned through conditioning

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6
Q

Exposure

A

Behavioral therapy technique that involves repeated exposure to an anxiety producing stimulus

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7
Q

Cognitive therapy

A

Treatment based on the idea that distorted thoughts produce maladaptive behaviors and emotions. Attempts to modify these thought patterns with realistic alternatives

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8
Q

Cognitive restructuring

A

Therapy that strives to help clients recognize maladaptive thought patterns and replace them with realistic alternatives

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9
Q

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

A

Therapy incorporating techniques from both cognitive and behavioral therapy

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10
Q

Client-centered therapy

A

A humanistic approach to therapy; it encourages people to fulfill their individual potentials for personal growth through greater self-understanding. Will use reflective listening.

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11
Q

Psychotropic medication

A

Drugs that effect mental processes

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12
Q

Anti anxiety drugs

A

Also called anxiolytics are used for short term treatment of anxiety. These typically increase the activity of the neurotransmitter GABA.

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13
Q

Antidepressants

A

Used to treat depression but also anxiety. Typically in the form of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, resulting in more of each neurotransmitter being available in the synapse.

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14
Q

Antipsychotics

A

Sometimes called neuroleptics, used to treat schizophrenia and other disorders that involve psychosis. Traditionally dopamine antagonists that recuse the effects of dopamine.

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15
Q

Electroconvulsive therapy ECT

A

Involves placing electrodes on a persons head and administering an electrical current to produce a seizure. This resets the brain and is used to treat things like severe depression.

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16
Q

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

A

Electrical current produced a magnetic field which interrupts neural function in certain regions of the brain. Used to treat severe depression.

17
Q

Deep brain stimulation

A

Surgically implanted electrodes within the brain use mild electricity to stimulate the brain at an optimal frequency and intensity. Used to treat Parkinson’s, ocd, and major depression.

18
Q

Placebo effect

A

Improvement in physical or mental health following treatment with a placebo (typically sugar pills)

19
Q

Difference between psychiatrists and clinical psychologists

A

Clinical psychologists can typically cannot prescribe medications.

20
Q

Treatment of choice for phobias and panic attacks?

A

CBT/exposure therapy using systematic desensitization. Uses fear hierarchies

21
Q

Best treatment for OCD?

A

A mix of Clomipramine (SSRI) and CBT using exposure and response prevention.

22
Q

Early antidepressants

A

The first antidepressants were tuberculosis drugs and MAO inhibitors. Also tricyclics which are extremely effective but have drastic side effects. These were used until Prozac was invented in the 80’s

23
Q

Best treatment for Bipolar disorder?

A

Mood stabilizers like Lithium and atypical antipsychotics. Sometimes stacked with antidepressants

24
Q

Best treatment for schizophrenia

A

A combination of antipsychotics, social skills training, and family therapy.

25
Q

What are the advantages of the atypical antipsychotic clozapine?

A

Showed an improvement in negative schizophrenia symptoms.

26
Q

Dialectical Behavior Therapy

A

Used to treat personality disorders and uses 3 phases. Combines elements of CBT with mindfulness approach. 1. Learn to change extreme behaviors through being mindful and focusing on the present. 2. Explore past traumas that may be the cause of the disorder. 3. Develop feelings of independence and self-respect

27
Q

What is the prognosis for antisocial personality disorder?

A

Few therapies work, but most improve after age 40

28
Q

What is ADHD treated with?

A

Stimulants such as Ritalin or Adderall, though these are commonly resold in adulthood. Also behavioral therapy though this is extremely time consuming 40hr/week. Another method is injections of oxytocin.

29
Q

Applied Behavioral Analysis

A

Intensive treatment for autism based on operant conditioning. Commonly combined with symbolic play and joint attention.