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psychology 1020 > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychopathology

A

Sickness or disorder of the mind. Characterized by maladaptiveness

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2
Q

Etiology

A

Factors that contribute to the development of a disorder

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3
Q

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disorders DSM

A

Standard in psychology and psychiatry for classifying and diagnosing psychopathology

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4
Q

Comorbidity

A

The idea that psychological disorders commonly overlap. For instance anxiety and depression.

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5
Q

Dimensional approach

A

Idea that psychological disorders exist along a continuum on which people vary.

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6
Q

Research Domain Criteria

A

A method that defines basic aspects of functioning and considers them across multiple levels of analysis, from genes to brain systems to behavior.

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7
Q

Assessment

A

Examination of a persons cognitive, behavioral, or emotional functioning to diagnose possible disorders

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8
Q

Diathesis-Stress Model

A

Idea that onset psychological disorders are a result of the interaction between diathesis (vulnerability to a mental disorder either genetic or due to early adversity) and stress.

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9
Q

Family systems model

A

Diagnostic model that considers problems within an individual as indicating problems within the family

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10
Q

Sociocultural model

A

A diagnostic model that views psychopathology as the result of the interaction between individuals and their cultures

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11
Q

Cognitive behavioral approach

A

A diagnostic model that views psychopathology as the result of learned, maladaptive thoughts and beliefs.

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12
Q

Internalized disorders

A

Disorders characterized by negative emotions. Major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, panic disorder etc… Divided into those related to fear and those related to distress.

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13
Q

Externalizing Disorders

A

Disorders characterized by impulsive or out-of-control behavior. Alcoholism, antisocial behavior disorder

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14
Q

Anxiety disorders

A

Psychological disorders characterized by excessive fear and anxiety in the absence of true danger

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15
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

A diffuse state of constant anxiety not associated with anything specific

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16
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear of being in situations in which you can’t escape

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17
Q

Social anxiety disorder

A

Fear of being negatively evaluated by others in a social setting

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18
Q

Cognitive triad

A

People suffering from depression perceive themselves, their situations, and the future negatively

19
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

Characterized by severe negative moods or a lack of interest in normally pleasurable activities. Requires a major depressive episode

20
Q

Persistent depressive disorder

A

Form of depression not severe as major depressive but lasts longer 2-20 years

21
Q

Learned helplessness

A

Cognitive model of depression in which people feel unable to control events in their lives.

22
Q

Bipolar 1 disorder

A

Characterized by more manic episodes than by depression. Cause significant impairment in daily living and can result in hospitalization

23
Q

Bipolar 2 disorder

A

Experience less extreme hypomanic episodes. Requires at least one major depressive episode. Impairment from depression not mania

24
Q

What causes suicide

A

Lack of a sense of belonging + competence mixed with self-preparation and capability.

25
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Characterized by alterations in thoughts, perceptions and consciousness resulting in psychosis

26
Q

Delusions

A

False beliefs based on incorrect inferences about reality

27
Q

Hallucinations

A

False sensory perceptions that are experienced without external source

28
Q

Negative symptoms

A

Symptoms of schizophrenia that are marked by deficits in functioning such as lack of emotion

29
Q

Positive symptoms

A

Features that are present in schizophrenia but not typical behavior

30
Q

OCD Cycle

A

Idea that through classical conditioning anxiety is paired with an event (forced to shake hands), the person then engages in behavior that reduces the anxiety (washing hands) which reduces the anxiety and binds this to relief through operant conditioning, the person then becomes obsessed with the relief.

31
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

Eating disorder characterized by excessive fear of becoming fat even at significantly low body weight

32
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

Characterized by alternation of dieting, stress binge eating, and purging.

33
Q

Binge-eating disorder

A

Binge eating which causes significant distress

34
Q

Addiction

A

Drug use that persists despite negative consequences

35
Q

Brain region resulting in craving

A

Insula

36
Q

Trauma

A

Prolong Ed psychological and physiological response to a distressing event. One that profoundly violated the persons beliefs about the world

37
Q

PTSD

A

Characterized by frequent nightmares, intrusive thoughts, and flashbacks related to a trauma

38
Q

Dissociative disorders

A

Characterized by disruptions of identity, memory, or conscious awareness

39
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

Person forgets an event happened or loses awareness of a block of time

40
Q

Dissociative fugue

A

Form of dissociative amnesia where identity is forgotten

41
Q

Borderline personality disorder

A

Personality disorder characterized by disturbances in identity, in affect, and impulse control. Linked to childhood trauma. Instability of relationships and chronic emptiness

42
Q

Personality disorders

A

Characterized by extreme levels of certain typical personality traits

43
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A

Disorder in which people engage in socially undesirable behavior, are hedonistic and impulsive, and lack empathy. People with this disorder and high psychopathy are considered psychopaths.

44
Q

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ADHD

A

Characterized by restlessness, inattentiveness, and impulsivity

psychology 1020 (10 decks)

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