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ZOO 201 (LAB) > Frog Organ Systems > Flashcards

Frog Organ Systems Flashcards

1
Q

external anatomy of a frog

A
  • eyes
  • nictitating membrane
  • external nares
  • typanum
  • appendages (forelimb, hindlimb)
  • nuptial pads
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2
Q

parts of a forelimb

A
  • upper arm
  • forearm
  • wrist
  • palm
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3
Q

parts of a hindlimb

A
  • thigh
  • shank
  • ankle
  • foot
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4
Q

how many digits does the palm has?

A

four and a rudimentary vestigial thumb (calcar)

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5
Q

how many digits dos the foot has?

A

five and a rudimentary sixth digit

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6
Q

enlarged thumbs

A

nuptial pads

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7
Q

function of nuptial pads

A

aid in holding the females during reproductive periods

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8
Q

musculatory system of the frog is divided into:

A
  • muscles of the head
  • muscles of the trunk and the forelimb
  • muscles of the abdomen
  • muscles of the thigh
  • muscles of the shank
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9
Q

4 muscles of the head

A
  • temporalis
  • depressor mandibulae
  • mylohyoid
  • submentalis
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10
Q

12 muscles of the trunk and the forelimb

A
  • dorsalis scapulae
  • latissimus dorsi
  • longissimus dorsi
  • ilio-lumbaris
  • coccygeosacralis
  • coccygeo-ilacus
  • sternoradialis
  • deltoid muscles
  • pectorialis muscle
  • triceps brachii
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11
Q

4 muscles of the abdomen

A
  • rectus abdomins
  • inscriptions tendinae
  • external oblique
  • transversus
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12
Q

12 muscles of the thigh

A
  • triceps extensor femoris
  • vastus extnus
  • rectus femoris anticus
  • vastus internus
  • gluterus
  • sartotius
  • adductor magnus
  • adductor longus
  • gracilis major
  • semitendinosus
  • semimembranous
  • biceps femoris
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13
Q

6 muscles of the shank

A
  • gastrocnemius
  • tibialis posticus
  • extesor cruri
  • flexor tarsi anterior
  • tibialis anticus
  • peroneus
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14
Q

stout muscle near the tympanic membrane

A

temporalis

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15
Q

posterior to the temporalis

A

depressor mandibulae

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16
Q

forms a broad sheet of thin muscle across the lower jaw, on the ventral surface of the head

A

mylohyoid

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17
Q

muscle found when cut through the median raphe

A

geniohyoid

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18
Q

located at the anterior portion of the lower jaw

A

submentalis

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19
Q

beneath the depressor mandibulae

A

dorsalis scapulae

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20
Q

posterior to the dorsalis scapulae

A

latissimus dorsi

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21
Q

posterior to latissimus dorsi

A

longissimus dorsi

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22
Q

lateral to longissimus dorsi

A

ilio-lumbaris

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23
Q

v-shaped muscles posterior to the longissimus dorsi

A
  • coccygeosacralis
  • coccygeo-ilacus
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24
Q

found on the ventral side when the mylohyoid is lifted

A

sternoradialis

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25
Q

ventral to the sternoradialis

A

deltoid muscle

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26
Q

posterior to the sternoradialis; fan-shaped muscle

A

pectorialis muscle

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27
Q

3 parts of the pectorialis muscle

A
  • anterior pectorialis
  • middle perctorialis
  • pectorialis abdominis
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28
Q

middle pectorialis is also known as _______

A

pectorialis sternalis

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29
Q

large muscle of the arm

A

triceps brachii

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30
Q

two longitudinal sheets of flat muscles forming the ventral wall of the abdomen

A

rectus abdominis

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31
Q

linea alba

A

connective tissue that separates the rectus abdominis

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32
Q

rectus abdominis is divided into five segments by the _____

A

inscriptions tendinae

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33
Q

covers the sides of the body

A

externaloblique

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34
Q

beneath the external oblique

A

transversus

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35
Q

prominent muscle covering the whole outer surface of the high

A

triceps extensor femoris

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36
Q

3 heads of the triceps extensor femoris

A
  • vastus externus
  • rectus femoris anticus
  • vastus internus
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37
Q

which of the d3 heads of the triceps extensor femoris is located in the middle?

A

rectus femoris anticus

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38
Q

which of the d3 heads of the triceps extensor femoris is located in the dorsal part

A

vastus externus

39
Q

which of the d3 heads of the triceps extensor femoris is located in the ventral part?

A

vastus internus

40
Q

small muscle between the vastus externus and rectus femoris anticus

A

gluteus

41
Q

flat or ribbon-like muscle obliquely traversing the ventral surface

A

sartorius

42
Q

partially covered by the sartorius and also obliquely traverses the thighs

A

adductor magnus

43
Q

located beneath the sartorius

A

adductor longus

44
Q

next to the adductor magnus on the posterior margin and is found on the ventral side of the thigh

A

gracilis major

45
Q

thin strip located in the innermost side of the thigh

A

gracilis minor

46
Q

slender muscle located beneath the gracilis major

A

semitendnosus

47
Q

dorsal large muscle with oblique marking covering the inner surface of the thigh

A

semimembranosus

48
Q

narrow muscle located between he semimambranosus and the triceps femoris

A

biceps femoris

49
Q

large muscle covering the entire posterior inner side of the shank

A

gastrocnemius

50
Q

beneath the gastrocnemius and between this muscle and the tibio-fibula

A

tibialis posticus

51
Q

anterior to tibialis posticus

A

extensor crur

52
Q

internal anatomy of the frog are subdivided into

A
  • digestive structures
  • respiratory structures
  • circulatory structures
  • excretory structures
  • urogenital structures
53
Q

11 digestive structures

A
  • mouth
  • tongue
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • liver
  • gall bladder
  • pancreas
  • spleen
  • large intestine
  • cloaca
54
Q

regulates the exit of digestive food from the stomach to the intestine

A

pyloric sphincter valve

55
Q

where most of the digestion and absorption of food into the bloodstream takes place

A

small intestine

56
Q

first straight portion of the small intestine

A

duodenum

57
Q

curled portion of the small intestine

A

ileum

58
Q

membrane that holds the ileum together

A

mesentery

59
Q

largest structure of the body cavity

A

liver

60
Q

digestive juice secreted by the liver

A

bile

61
Q

small green sac under the liver that stores bile

A

gall bladder

62
Q

thin, yellowish ribbon between the small intestine and the stomach

A

pancreas

63
Q

pancreas produces:

A

pancreatic juice

64
Q

dark red spherical object which serves as a holding area for blood

A

spleen

65
Q

common exit for the urogenital and digestive system

A

cloaca

66
Q

6 respiratory structures

A
  • nose / snout
  • nares / nostrils
  • glottis
  • pharynx
  • left and right bronchi
  • left and right lungs
67
Q

opening at the back of the mouth that lea to the respiratory tract

A

glottis

68
Q

throat area

A

pharynx

69
Q

tubes that connect the pharynx to the left and right lungs, resectively

A

left and right bronchi

70
Q

two small sacs on either side of the midline, partially hidden under the liver

A

left and right lungs

71
Q

6 circulatory structures

A
  • pericardium
  • heart
  • conus arteriosus
  • truncus arteriosus
  • superior / anterior vena cava
  • inferior / posterior vena cava
72
Q

the frog circulatory system consists of _____, _____, and ______

A
  • heart
  • blood vessels
  • blood
73
Q

membranous covering surrounding the heart

A

pericardium

74
Q

at the top of the liver and has a triangular structure

A

heart

75
Q

single wide arterial vessel leaving the ventricle and passing ventrally over the right atrium

A

conus arteriosus

76
Q

paired arterial blood vessels leading out from the conus arteriosus

A

truncus arteriosus

77
Q

3 branches of truncus arteriosus

A
  • carotid arches
  • aortic / systemic arches
  • pulmocutaneous arches
78
Q

carries deoxygenated blood from the head too the right atrium of the heart

A

superior / anterior vena cava

79
Q

begins between the two kidneys and returns blood to the sinus venosus

A

inferior / posterior vena cava

80
Q

inferior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the _____ portion of the body to the right atrium of the heart

A

posterior

81
Q

excretory structures

A
  • kidneys
  • urinary bladder
82
Q

flattened bean shaped organs located at the lower back of the frog near the spine

A

kidneys

83
Q

a tube through which urine passes to the urinary bladder and is connected to each kidney

A

ureter

84
Q

empty sac located at the lowest part of the body cavity, attached to the ventral wall of the cloaca

A

urinary bladder

85
Q

urogenital structures

A
  • fat bodies
  • cloaca
  • testes (males)
  • oviducts (female)
86
Q

reproductive and excretory system of the frog is called _______

A

urogenital system

87
Q

amphibians are _____

(reproductive structures)

A

dioecious

88
Q

spaghetti-shaped structures that have a bright orange or yellow color and serve as energy source

A

fat bodies

89
Q

yellow or tan-colored, bean-shaped organs located at the top of the kidneys

A

testes

90
Q

curly-q type structure around the outside of the kidney where the eggs are produced

A

oviducts

91
Q

oviduct-like structure in males but serve no purpose

A

vestigial oviducts

92
Q

short tube that leads from the frog’s mouth to the stomach

A

esophagus

93
Q

whitish, j-shaped organ which connects the esophagus anteriorly and with the small intestine posteriorly

A

stomach

94
Q

stomach is the first major site of _____ digestion

A

chemical

ZOO 201 (LAB) (14 decks)

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