Lecture 1- Introduction to bio and life, forms of life, cell theory

Question 1

what is biology

Answer 1

they study of life
word biology is formed by combining the greek “bios” meaning life, and the suffix logy meaning science of, study of

Question 2

various forms of life exist in the form of…

Answer 2

organisms

Question 3

what is an organism

Answer 3

from term “orginization” and brodly defined as an assembly of molecules functioning as a stable whole that exhibits life

Question 4

what is a unicellular organism

Answer 4

also known as a single cell organism its a living form that consists of one cell
ie. unicellular bacterium

Question 5

what is a multicellular organism

Answer 5

tissue, organ or organism that is made up of many cells is said to be multicellular
ie. multicellular tissue in human (connective tissue, epithlial tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue)

Question 6

what is a cell

Answer 6

the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms

Question 7

what are the main tenets if modern cell theory that science supports

Answer 7

-all organisms are composed for one or more cells
-if cells are broken, the property of life is lost

Question 8

how big are cells

Answer 8

they are small. usually ranging from about 1 to 100 micrometers in diameter

Question 9

how many cells would a pint of blood have in it

Answer 9

over 5 billion cells

Question 10

what is the collective term for mitosis and meiosis

Answer 10

cytokinesis

Question 11

what is mitosis

Answer 11

the process in which a eukaryotic cell nucleus splits in two, followed by division of the parent cell into two daughter cells

Question 12

what is meiosis

Answer 12

a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes

Question 13

what kinds of cells are not small

Answer 13

eggs

Question 14

what happens if a cell breaks down

Answer 14

being small they can easily be repaired or discarded

Question 15

are specialized cells easy to replace

Answer 15

yes they can easily be replaced with out disruption of a function

Question 16

what is a cell a living form of

Answer 16

a living globule of cytoplasm

Question 17

what is the cytoplasm

Answer 17

the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell

Question 18

what is the cytoplasm composed of

Answer 18

waters, salts, and various organic molecules

Question 19

how many reactions happen in the cell

Answer 19

a vast number of reactions are taking place millions of times per second

Question 20

how do cells move molecules into the cell

Answer 20

simple diffustion

Question 21

how does the length of travel effect how fast something travels

Answer 21

very rapid over a short distances but slower over long distances

Question 22

what is a capillary

Answer 22

a small blood vessel

Question 23

how big are capillaries

Answer 23

around 5 to 10 micrometers

Question 24

how thick is a capillary

Answer 24

one endothelial cell thick

Question 25

what happens to the cells volume to surface area ratio as when you increase the size of the cell

Answer 25

as the size of the cell increases the ratio gets smaller
ie. as the cell gets bigger the volume size increases much faster then the SA

Question 26

is there a limit to the size a cell can get

Answer 26

yes. cells cant increase beyond certain limits

Question 27

why cant cells get bigger beyond a limit

Answer 27

by cells increasing internal volume less and less surface area is available to exchange materials needed by the cell