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Biology 120 > life as an integrative level of organization > Flashcards

life as an integrative level of organization Flashcards

1
Q

what is taxonomy

A

the science of naming groups of biological organisms on shared characteristics

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2
Q

what is the three domains of taxonomy

A

bacteria
archaea
eukarya

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3
Q

what are some commonly accepted kingdoms

A

archaebacteria
eubacteria
fungi
plants
animals
protista:
(any eukaryotic organism thats not a plant or fungus

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4
Q

based on organization of cellular structures how many groups can cells be divided into

A

prokaryotes and eukaryotes

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5
Q

what is cytoplasm

A

the material within a eukaryotic cell enclosed by the cell membrane, except the nucleous

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6
Q

what is nucleoplasm

A

material within the nucleus

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7
Q

what is cytosol

A

the fluid part of the cytoplasm

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8
Q

what is intracellular fluid

A

all the fluids present inside of the cell

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9
Q

all living organisms contain…

A

DNA

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10
Q

what is DNA

A

it harbors genes

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11
Q

where is the DNA blueprint from

A

its transmitted from parents to off spring

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12
Q

the mechanism for reading DNA blue print is…

A

common to all forms of life

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13
Q

what is a prokaryotes nucleoid like

A

it is a single circular molecule

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14
Q

in a prokaryote what is the plasma membrane surrounded by

A

a cell wall coated with a glycocalyx

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15
Q

how does many bacteria and archaean move

A

using long flagella

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16
Q

how can cells be extracted and analyzed through cell fractionation

A

through centrifugation

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17
Q

in centrifugation what is the heaviest thing that can be separated

A

nuclei

18
Q

following te nuclei what is the second heaviest thing that is extracted

A

mitochondria

19
Q

following the mitochondria what is the third heaviest thing that can be extracted

A

ribosomes

20
Q

how much force is required to centrifuges out the nuclei

A

500g (500x the force of gravity)

21
Q

how much force is requires to centrifuges out the mitochondria

A

20,000g

22
Q

how much force is required to centrifuges out the ribosomes

A

150,000g

23
Q

where does the mitocondria come from

A

from the mother cell

24
Q

what are genes organized into

A

chromosmones

25
Q

what are chromosomes

A

a condensed form of DNA

26
Q

what does the chromo and somes mean

A

cromo-colour
somes-body

27
Q

what point in the cellular cycle will chromatin compact

A

in prophase

28
Q

are chromosomes transcriputally active

A

no they must relax into chromatin

29
Q

what makes up the nuclear envolope

A

nuclear pores
phospholipid bilayer
space between nuclear membranes
inner nuclear membrane
on the outside:
nuclear pores
ribosomes

30
Q

what is an amino acid chain

A

a polypeptide chain

31
Q

what kind of bonds are peptide bonds

A

covalent bonds

32
Q

what is the nucleoplasm

A

a gel like fluid within the nucleus

33
Q

what makes up the nucleoplasm

A

-filled with chromatin

34
Q

what is chromatin in the nucleoplasm

A

-a complex of relaxed DNA molecules and protein
-during cell devision, chromatin coiled into the highly condensed chromosomes

35
Q

were is the nucleous

A

within the nucleus

36
Q

what is the nucleous the site for

A

the site of rRNA transcription, processing and ribosome assembly in eukaryotes

37
Q

what do rRNA aggregates do with proteins

A

they assemble the ribosomal subunits that exist the nucleous through nuclear pore complexes

38
Q

how are ribosomes constructed

A

out of one or more ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and a variety of proteins

39
Q

what happens at the ribosomes

A

it is the site of translation of mRNA into polypeptide chains

40
Q

what are the two major subunits ribosomes are made of and what are there functions

A

the small subunits reads the mRNA
the large subunit-the catalytic subunit

Biology 120 (15 decks)

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