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Biology 120 > Lecture 3- Biomolecules > Flashcards

Lecture 3- Biomolecules Flashcards

1
Q

is there one kind of bond between different atoms and molecules

A

no there is different types of bonds or attraction forces between atoms and/or molecules

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2
Q

what are strong molecular bonds

A

covalent bonds

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3
Q

what are week molecular bonds

A

hydrogen bonds
ionic bonds
van der waals forces
hydrophobic interactions

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4
Q

why is water liquid

A

because O is more electronegative then H
so because water is a polar molecule

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5
Q

why are lipids not soluble

A

because they are non polar

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6
Q

what makes water a polar molecule

A

the slightly + charge at the end of each H end and slightly - at the end of each O

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7
Q

what is the most electronegative atom in the biological system

A

O

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8
Q

H2O is the only common substance in the natural environment that exists…

A

in all three of the physical states of mater on earth
ie.. solid liquid and gas

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9
Q

what is the pH of water

A

neuteral 7

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10
Q

a very small fraction of water dissociates into…

A

H+ and OH-

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11
Q

in pure water the conc. of H+ and OH- ions are…

A

equal

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12
Q

what are some thing in the human body that have a lower ph (less then 7)

A

stomach acid
lysosomes

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13
Q

why are somethings in the body not have neutral pHs

A

because some things have enzymes that function at different pHs

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14
Q

what is condensation/dehydration sysntesis

A

a chemical reaction in which two molecules are combined to form a single molecule with the loss of a water molecule

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15
Q

what is condensation/dehydration synthesis important for

A

the formation of bonds between amino acids, monosaccarides, nucleotides, and lipids

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16
Q

what kind of bonds bond amino acids

A

peptide

17
Q

what kind of bonds bond monosaccarides

A

glycosidic

18
Q

what kind of bonds bond nucleotides

A

phosphodiester

19
Q

what is sucrose

A

table sugar

20
Q

where is fructose found

A

fruit

21
Q

where is maltose found

A

in beer

22
Q

what is a alpha-glucose bond

A

An alpha-glycosidic bond is formed when both carbons have the same stereochemistry

23
Q

what is beta-glucose bonds

A

beta-glycosidic bond occurs when the two carbons have different stereochemistry

24
Q

what are the two types of bonds that carbohydrates can make

A

alpha glucose and beta glucose

25
Q

what is a starch structure

A

polysaccharide made up of 1,4 linkages between glucose monomers. making linear chains

26
Q

what are 1-6 linkages

A

they are the linkages between branching

27
Q

what is a glycogen structure

A

composed of two major bonds, which are alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 glycosidic bonds - these bonds give rise to linear chains and branching

28
Q

what plant carbohydrate can we and can we not digest

A

we can digest starch but not cellulose

29
Q

who can digest cellulose

A

Ruminants

30
Q

what is glycogen

A

the equivalent of animal starch. used for animal energy

31
Q

who are fatty acids made up

A

a carboxylic acid with a long chain of hydrocarbons

32
Q

what do most naturally occurring fatty acids have in there chain

A

an unbranched chain

33
Q

how many carbons do fatty acids have on there chains

A

always an even number of carbons and range from 4 to 28

34
Q

what is a amphipathic molecule

A

a compound that both loves water (hydrophilic) and fat (lipophilic)

35
Q

how are amphipathic molecules constructed. what is an example of these molecules

A

they include organic compounds containing hydrophilic groups at both ends
e.g. soap, detergents, lipoproteins

36
Q

what are proteins primary structures

A

amino acid chain

37
Q

what are proteins secondary structures

A

alpha-helix and beta-sheet

38
Q

what is a proteins tertiary structure

A

protein folding

Biology 120 (15 decks)

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