4- Intro to pathology Flashcards
Define pathology
The study of disease
‘Structural, biochemical, functional changes in cells, tissues & organs that underlie disease’
Define anatomic pathology
Anatomic = exam of tissues taken during life (biopsy) or after death (autopsy) - examines nature & extent of the disease process
What are the 4 aspects of disease
Aetiology
Pathogenesis
Molecular and morphologic changes
Clinical manifestation
List 3 criteria you need to follow to describe any lesion
Location
Number
Demarcation (can you tell it apart from normal tissue)
Distribution
Colour
Size
Shape
Consistency & texture
Clinical pathologic diagnosis
based on changes observed in biochemistry, hematology, and cytology
What is a biopsy
Removal and examination of a tissue sample from a living animal body for diagnostic purposes
What is a necropsy
Methodical examination of the dead animal
What is a morphologic diagnosis
Based on what is SEEN; the predominant lesion(s) in the tissue(s)
Both:
→ macroscopic (gross)
→ microscopic (histologic)
What are post-mortem changes? Name one?
Things we see in the post-mortem that are not pathological lessons
Occur due to cessation of normal bodily fluids
Autolysis
Putrefaction
Rigor morits
Rigor mortis occurs because ________.
Depletion of ATP & glycogen
- ATP is required to release the attached actin and myosin molecules
Define livor mortis
Gravitational pooling of blood to the downside of the animal
Define post-mortem clotting
Interaction of platelets & clotting factors
- don’t adhere to vessel walls
Haemoglobin imbibition
The post-mortem staining of tissues or organs with haemoglobin pigment.
Red staining
Bile imbibition
Yellow followed by green staining of the liver and any intestines in contact with the gallbladder; occurs within hours after death.
Define pseudomelanosis
Blue-green dislocation of tissues by iron sulphide
- formed by the reaction of hydrogen sulphide generated by bacteria & iron from haemoglobin released for lysed RBC