4- Intro to pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Define pathology

A

The study of disease
‘Structural, biochemical, functional changes in cells, tissues & organs that underlie disease’

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2
Q

Define anatomic pathology

A

Anatomic = exam of tissues taken during life (biopsy) or after death (autopsy) - examines nature & extent of the disease process

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3
Q

What are the 4 aspects of disease

A

Aetiology
Pathogenesis
Molecular and morphologic changes
Clinical manifestation

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4
Q

List 3 criteria you need to follow to describe any lesion

A

Location
Number
Demarcation (can you tell it apart from normal tissue)
Distribution
Colour
Size
Shape
Consistency & texture

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5
Q

Clinical pathologic diagnosis

A

based on changes observed in biochemistry, hematology, and cytology

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6
Q

What is a biopsy

A

Removal and examination of a tissue sample from a living animal body for diagnostic purposes

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7
Q

What is a necropsy

A

Methodical examination of the dead animal

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8
Q

What is a morphologic diagnosis

A

Based on what is SEEN; the predominant lesion(s) in the tissue(s)
Both:
→ macroscopic (gross)
→ microscopic (histologic)

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9
Q

What are post-mortem changes? Name one?

A

Things we see in the post-mortem that are not pathological lessons
Occur due to cessation of normal bodily fluids

Autolysis
Putrefaction
Rigor morits

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10
Q

Rigor mortis occurs because ________.

A

Depletion of ATP & glycogen
- ATP is required to release the attached actin and myosin molecules

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11
Q

Define livor mortis

A

Gravitational pooling of blood to the downside of the animal

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12
Q

Define post-mortem clotting

A

Interaction of platelets & clotting factors
- don’t adhere to vessel walls

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13
Q

Haemoglobin imbibition

A

The post-mortem staining of tissues or organs with haemoglobin pigment.

Red staining

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14
Q

Bile imbibition

A

Yellow followed by green staining of the liver and any intestines in contact with the gallbladder; occurs within hours after death.

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15
Q

Define pseudomelanosis

A

Blue-green dislocation of tissues by iron sulphide

  • formed by the reaction of hydrogen sulphide generated by bacteria & iron from haemoglobin released for lysed RBC
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16
Q

Define clinical pathology

A

Exam of blood/bodily fluids swell as cells during life.
- lab diagnostics

17
Q

Define inflammation

A

Vascular and interstitial tissue changes that develop in response to tissue injury and that are designed to sequester, dilute, and destroy the causal agent

18
Q

Define healing

A

repair of injured tissue
involves angiogenesis, fibrosis and regeneration (epithelisation)

19
Q

Define thrombosis

A

Interaction of the blood coagulation system and platelets to form, within a vascular lumen, an aggregate of fibrin and platelets (= thrombus).

20
Q

Define necrosis

A

death of cells or tissues in the living animal

21
Q

Define clinical diagnosis

A

= Based on data obtained from the case history, clinical signs, and physical examination

22
Q

Define autolysis

A

changes due to “self-digestion”- occurs when cellular function sees an intracellular enzymes leak through cell membranes and cause self digestion.

23
Q

Define putrefraction

A

Colour and texture changes, gas production, and odours that are caused by post-mortem bacterial metabolism and dissolution of host tissues (post-mortem decomposition)