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IM1 > Pharm Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Pharm Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmakon means?

A

-drug or poison

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2
Q

Kinesis means?

A

motion

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3
Q

What does pharmakon & kinesis make when they combine?

A

Pharmacokinetics

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4
Q

What is the process through the body for the drug?

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

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5
Q

Absorption of drugs comes through where?

A

GI tract
Blood
Other sites of admin

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6
Q

What distributes the drugs?

A

Blood

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7
Q

What metabolizes the drugs?

A

Liver
Kidney
Sites of action
& other sites

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8
Q

Where does excretion occur and what comes out of these organs?

A

Liver - Bile
Kidney - Urine

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9
Q

What does the absorption of drugs mean?

A

the movement of a drug from its site of admin into the blood

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10
Q

What does the rate of absorption determine?

A

Determines how soon effects will take place

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11
Q

What does the amount of absorption determine?

A

Determines how intense the effects will be

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12
Q

What are factors that affect the process of absorption?

A

Rate of dissolution
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
pH partitioning
Route of Admin

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13
Q

What are the two major groups of routes of admin?

A

Enteral (GI tract)
Parenteral (Outside the GI tract)

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14
Q

How do we take drugs through the enteral route?

A

Oral (PO)

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15
Q

How do we take drugs through the parenteral (outside the GI tract)

A

IV
Subcutaneous (subQ)
Intramuscular (IM)

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16
Q

What does PO mean

A

by way of mouth

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17
Q

What are barriers to oral absorption?

A

Epithelial lining of GI tract
Capillary wall

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18
Q

What is the absorption pattern of meds take PO

A

slow & variable

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19
Q

What are the advantages of take PO meds?

A

Safer than injection routes
Ideal for self-admin
Easy, convient, in-expensive

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20
Q

What are the disadvantages of taking meds PO?

A

Can cause GI irritation
Requires a cooperative pt
Inactivation
Variability

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21
Q

What are the barriers to absorption of IV meds?

A

None

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22
Q

What is the absorption pattern of IV meds?

A

Instantaneous & complete

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23
Q

What are the advantages of giving meds via IV

A

Rapid onset
Control
Permits use of large fluid volumes
Permits use of irritant drugs

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24
Q

What are the disadvantages of using IV meds?

A

High cost, difficulty, inconvinience
Irreversibility
Infection
High risk

25
Q

What are the barriers to IM & subQ meds?

A

None

26
Q

What is the absorption pattern for IM & subQ meds?

A

Variable
Water solubility
Blood flow

27
Q

What are the advantages of giving IM & subQ meds?

A

Can be used for poorly soluble drugs
Can be used for droplet preparations

28
Q

What are the disadvantages for IM & subQ drugs?

A

Discomfort
Inconvience
Can cause muscle & nerve injury w/ improper technique
Bleeding risk

29
Q

What is depot prep for a drug?

A

drug that is absorbed slowly over an extended period of time

30
Q

When is parenteral admin preferred?

A

emergencies
situations requiring tight control
gi incompatibility
Treatment w/ drugs that cannot cross membranes
conditions better treated w/ long-acting prep.
pt’s who cannot or will not take oral prep.

31
Q

What is GI incompatibility?

A

Destruction of drugs by GI system
Drugs that would cause GI injury

32
Q

What is the definition of distribution of drugs?

A

the movement of drugs throughout the body

33
Q

What is the distribution process?

A

Drug’s ability to enter cells
Blood flow to tissues
Drug’s ability to exit the vascular system

34
Q

What does drug metabolism mean?

A

the enzymatic alteration of drug structure to a more water-soluble form that can be excreted

35
Q

What are special factors/considerations in drug metabolism?

A

age
first pass effect
nutritional status
competition b/w drugs

36
Q

What is the first-pass effect (define)?

A

certain meds that are completely metabolized when passing through the GI tract

37
Q

Define excretion of drugs

A

the removal of drugs from the body

38
Q

Where can drugs exit the body?

A

Bile
Urine/Feces
Sweat/Saliva
Breast milk
Expired air

39
Q

Monitoring of drug responses: What are plasma drug levels?

A

Correlation b/w response to drug & level in plasma

40
Q

Monitoring of drug responses: What are the two important levels?

A

Minimum effective concentration (MEC)
Toxic concentration

41
Q

What does minimum concentration mean?

A

the lowest level we will see any therapeutic effects

42
Q

What does toxic concentration mean?

A

the deadly concentration of a drug

43
Q

Monitoring of drug responses: what is the therapeutic range?

A

determines whether the drug can be safely given

44
Q

Do we want a wide or short therapeutic range?

A

wide

45
Q

Monitoring of drug responses: what does drug half-life determine?

A

it determines dosing interval

46
Q

What is the definition of drug-half life?

A

time required for the % of the drug in the body to decrease by 50%

47
Q

Monitoring of Drug Responses: What does repeated dosing mean?

A

Determines rate & extent of accumulation

48
Q

Repeated dosing is also known as?

A

How a med plateaus w/in a pt

49
Q

Repeated dosing: What does the peak mean?

A

highest level of the drug in the body 1-2 hours after a dose

50
Q

Repeated dosing: what does the trough mean?

A

lowest point of the drug in the body. Which is right before giving the drug.

51
Q

Repeated dosing: What does maintenance mean?

A

keeping the pt @ a steady state of drugs

52
Q

Repeated dosing: what does loading mean?

A

larger dose that we start out with

53
Q

What is the definition of a dose-response relationship?

A

relationship b/w the size of an administered dose & the intensity of the response produced

54
Q

What is ED50

A

avg. effective dose

55
Q

What is LD50?

A

lethal dose

56
Q

Drug-Drug Interactions: What is Potentiate

A

Intensifies the effects

57
Q

Drug-Drug Interactions: What is Inhibit

A

Reduce the effects

58
Q

Drug-Drug Interactions: What is New Response

A

Effect not seen w/ single drug dose alone

59
Q

What are the Drug-Food Interactions?

A

Absorption
Drug metabolism
Drug toxicity
Drug action
Timing

IM1 (18 decks)

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