12.7 immunity and vaccination

Question 1

give examples of both types of active imunity

Answer 1

• natural- when you catch the disease eg. chicken pocks
• atrificial- a vaccination with a harmless dose of the antigen

Question 2

what is

active imunity

Answer 2

when you imune system makes its own antibodies after being stimulated by an antigen

Question 3

what is passive immuntiy

passive imunity

Answer 3

when the antibodies given have been made by another organism your imune system dosent produce any of its own

Question 4

give two examles of the two types of passive immuntiy

Answer 4

• natural - when a baby becomes imune from antibodies through the placenta and colostrum very rich in antibody breast milk
• artificial - when you become temorarily immune through an injection of antibodies eg tetnus

Question 5

passive vs active imunity

Answer 5

passive
* no exposure to antigen
* protection is immediate
* protection is short term
* no memory cells
Active
* requires exposure to antigen
* takes a while for protection to develop
* protection is long term
* memory cells are produced

Question 6

what are … and exa,ples

Autoimune diseases

Answer 6

when your immune system isnt able to recognise self antigens and the imune system treats self antigens as foreign and lanches an imune response against its own tissue. Usually chronic and only treated not cured

eg.
Rheumatoid artheritis
caused by imune system attacking cells at the joint causing pain and inflamation

Question 7

Vaccinations role

Answer 7

control disease and prevent epidemics, they work by skipping the primary response to aka the symptons of the disease

Question 8

how to they work?

Vaccines?

and there role in herd immunity and preventing epidemics

Answer 8

• contain antigens that can stimulate your body to produce memory cells without the pathogen causing the disease
• Vaccines can lead to herd imunity to prevent epidemics
• the antigens can be isolated or attached to an attenuated or dead pathogen
• booster vaccines can also be given
• vaccination is not the same as immunisation. vaccination is thenadministration of a antigen. Immunisation is the process by whicj you develop imunity. vaccinations cause immunisation

Question 9

what are they?

epedemics and pandemics

Answer 9

epidemic- when a comunicable deisease spreads rapidsly ata local or national level
pandemic when the same disease spreads rapidly across countries and continents

Question 10

what makes malaria so hard to create a vaccine for

Answer 10

• several strains antigenic variation
• mutating
• much of life cycle is in host cells eg. rbc and liver cells sheilded and hidden from the imune system
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