3. Proteins Flashcards
(25 cards)
whats monomer involved in
proteins
amino acid
describe the
structure of an amino acid
caboxyl group COOH
and a amine group NHH
two amino acids makes
dipeptide
3+ amino acids is a
polypeptide
which elements make up proteins
C O H N S
bonds,description
Primary proteins
- only peptide bonds between amino acids
- polypeptide chain of dif amino acids
bonds,description
Secondary protein
- alpha- coil
- beta- pleated sheet
- held in shape by additional H-bonds
bonds,description
tertiary protein
coilded or folded chain is then folded or coiled again and more bonds are formed
- ionic bonds between R groups (variable groups)
- disulfide bond
- hydrophobic and hydrohilic interactions when hydrophobic groups are close they clump together and hydrophilic groups are pushed outwards influencing overal structure
- hydrogen bonds between slightly polar R groups
bonds,description
Quaternary
made up of a differnet polypeptide chains held together
what bonds hold amino acids together
peptide bond
formation of peptide bond:
condensation
breaking of a peptide bond:
hydrolysis
x3 examples of globular proteins
- insulin
- amylase
- haemoglobin
x3 examples of fibrous proteins
- collagen
- keratin
- elastin
the structure and function
harmoglobin
- function: carry 02 around body
- structure: conjugated protein(aka has nonprotein group attached aka a prostetic group in this case haem wich has iron)
- globular
the structure and function of
insulin
- function: regulate blood glucose level
- soluble so can travel in blood
- 2xpolypeptide chains bonded via disulfide bond
the structure and function of
amylase
function: catalyses the breakdown of starch to maltose
structure: single chain both alpha helix and beta pleated
extracellular
properties comparison between
globular and fibrous
globular
* soluble easily transported in fluids
* make up most enzymes
fibrous
* insoluble
* strong
* unreactive
* make up structural tissue
properties and functions
Keratin
function: make up external structures in animals eg. hair nails horns
properties: flexible eg hair and hard eg nails
properties and functions
collagen
function: animal connective tissue eg bone skin muscle
properties strong minerals can bind to increase rigidity
roles of proteins
- immunological: all antibodies are proteins.
- signalling: many hormones and receptors are proteins
- catalytic: all enzymes are proteins, catalyzing many biochemical reactions
- structural: proteins are the main component of body tissues, such as muscle, skin, ligaments and hair
Globular proteins
proteins form a spherical mass with a specific 3-D shape (tertiary and quaternary structure)
They fold up so that hydrophillic groups are on the outside and hydrophobic groups are inside the molecule
explain the differnece between simple protein and a conjugated protein
conjugated:contain a non-protein group called a prostetic group
simple proteins dont
describe the differneces in properties and functions of insulin a hormone and keratin present in hair and nails
insulin- globular protein, soluble, specific shape to bind to receptor, chemical messanger. Keratin fibrous protein, strong, insoluble, structural function
