3.3 carbohydtrates

Question 1

What are the monomers in volved in making up carboydrates?

Answer 1

monosacharides

Question 2

Glucose is an example of a….

Answer 2

Monosacharide

Question 3

What are the two types of glucose molecules and their differneces and similatrities in structure?

Answer 3

Both hexose monosacaride
Alpha - H above the OH group on C1
Beta- OH group above H group on C1

Question 4

give and example of a

hexose and pentose monosacarides

Answer 4

pentose: eg. ribose 5 carbons
Hexose: eg glucose 6 carbons

Question 5

what elements make up

carbohydrates?

Answer 5

H O C

Question 6

Monosacharides join to produce

Answer 6

disacharides or polysacharides

Question 7

what bond holds monosacharides together

Answer 7

1,4 glycosidic

Question 8

what is the reaction of the synthesis of glycosidc bond called?

Answer 8

condenstation reaction

Question 9

what reaction breaks the glycosidic bond

Answer 9

hydrolisis

Question 10

Sugar is a general term for

Answer 10

di or poly sacarides

Question 11

…………+……….—> maltose

Answer 11

a-glucose+a-glucose

Question 12

…………+……….—> sucrose

Answer 12

a-glucose + fructose

Question 13

…………+……….—>lactose

Answer 13

a or b-glucose + galactose

Question 14

Starch
* function?
* structure?
* properties that make it suited to its function?
* two types and their properties and structure?

Answer 14

Starch
* energy storage in plants (excess glucose)
* made up of** a-glucose**
* insoluble: so wont swell due to osmosis
* - amylose: long, coiled and unbranched for compact sotorage
* -amylopectin:long brancehed chain quick release because enzyme has more acsess points

Question 15

Glycogen
* function?
* structure?
* properties that make it suited to its function?

Answer 15

• energy storage in animals- excess glucose stored as glycogen
• polysacaride of a-glucose
• Very branched more than amylopectin- fast release of glucose
• compact- good for storage

Question 16

Celluslose
* function?
* structure?
* properties that make it suited to its function?

Answer 16

• cell wall structure and support
• long and unbranched beta glucose with H-bonds between cellulose chains
• strong microfibrils due to the additional H- bonds for further structural support

Question 17

B-glucose vs A-glucose

Answer 17

Beta- OH group on top so chain is alternating every other monomer is flipped (180) upsidedown relative to neighbouring molecule
Alpha H group on top

Question 18

which sugars have reducing properties?

Answer 18

maltose and lactose

Question 19

which sugar has is non-reducing?

Answer 19

sucrose