4.1 Enzymes Flashcards
what are enzymes
enzymes
biological catlysts that speed up chemical reactions
whats the role/affect of enzymes on metabolism at a
cellular level?
catalyse metabolic reactions eg. respiration
whats the role/affect of enzymes on metabolism at a
whole organism level?
catalyse metabolic reactions eg. digestion in mammals
and an example of each?
enzymes affect both …. and ….
- structure: eg. enzymes involved in production of collagen
- functions: eg. respiration
enzymes ply role to catalyse both ….celllular and ….cellular reactions
intra and extra
chemicals reactions required for growth are…..
anabolic reactions and a catalysed by enzymes
an example of an enzyme that
catalyses intracellular
Catalase
catlalyses the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide a toxic by product o f ceelular reactions into harmless 02 nd h20
an example of an enzyme that catalyses extracellular
reactions.
amylase
found in saliva secreeted by slivary glands that catalyses the hydrolysis breakdown of strch into maltose.
what determins a enzymes specific active site shape?
its tertiary structure
enzymes are …… proteins
globular
enzymes work by….
reducing the activation energy
therefore speeding up rate of reaction
how?
1. if two substrate molecules need to be joined the enzyme holds them close reducing the repulsion so bonds form easier
2. if its catalysing a breakdwn fitting in ctive site can form a strain on substrate bond breaks easier
lock and key model is only a hypothesis becauase
it dosent give the full story the enzyme and substrate do have to fit together to start with but theres new evidence to show the enzyme substrate complex changed shape slightly to complete the fit this ‘locks’ the substrate even tighter. now modified to the induced fit model
state the
induced fit theory
initial interaction is weak but they rapidly induce chnge in tertiary structure enzyme substrate complex changed shape slightly to complete the fit this ‘locks’ the substrate even tighter.
what effects
enzyme activity
- pH
- temperature
- enzyme concentration
- substrate concentration
how does
temprature influence enzyme activity
two decriptions 2 explnaitions
D1. beween ‘c and ‘c as temp increases so does the rate of reaction
E1. because as temp increases so does kinetic energy so mollecules move faster therefore chance of sucsessful collison increases
D2. as temp goes beyond optimum ‘c the reaction rate decreases before stopping at ‘c
E2. post optimum the amino acids in the enzyme vibrate so much they break the tertiary structure denaturing the active site so no substrate can fit