Chapter 2 pt.2 Flashcards
What is “Phenylketonuria (PKU)
An enzyme disorder transmitted by a recessive gene, phenylalanine (amino acid)build up and causes intellectual/physical challenges in the central nervous system
There is no cure for PKU, and babies are tested for it right when they are born. If they test positive, what will they have to do
they are placed on diets with Leo phenylalanine, which includes avoiding meat, milk, eggs, nuts, legumes, and flour
What Is Huntington Disease (HD)
a genetic brain disorder that is a dominant trait, brain cels die and the person becomes less able to control movements, emotions, make decisions, or remember events
- also more common during middle aged persons
Can Huntington’s disease be cured
yes it can, by injecting something into the spine
What is “sickle cell anemia”
caused by a recessive gene - a genetic disorder that decreases the bloods capacity to carry oxygen
Red cells clump together (take the shape of a sickle) which closes off small blood vessels
Where is sickle cell anemia more common and why is it called the “neglected disease”
It is more common among Black North Americans, and is called the neglected disease because Health Canada does not keep precise statistics on the disease
What two genetic defects are carried only on the X sex chromosome (sex-linked genetic abnormalities are on the X chromosome)
Hemophilia and Color blindness (green and red)
What is Hemophilia
a genetic disorder where blood doesn’t clot properly
Who is more likely ti have sex-linked disorders and why
sons of female carriers because they get their X sex chromosome from their mothers
(daughters have 2 X so they would need to inherit the disease from both parents)
What is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
a sex-linked disorder where the muscles weaken which can lead to a wasting away of the muscles, an inability to walk, and sometimes death
What can determine whether an embryo or fetus carries genetic abnormalities
prenatal testing
When is it legal to have an abortion (In Canada)
up till 24 weeks of pregnancy and/or if the child has a genetic condition
What is Amniocentesis
a procedure for withdrawing fluid from the amniotic sac, then it is examined for genetic or chromosomal abnormalities
