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Patho Sem 2 > Inflammation > Flashcards

Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two types of immunity?

A

innate and adaptive

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2
Q

when is innate immunity activated?

A

at all stages of COPD

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3
Q

when is adaptive immunity activated?

A

in more severe diseases

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4
Q

what mediates both types of immunity?

A

cytokines

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5
Q

what cells help link innate and adaptive immunity in COPD?

A

dentritic cells

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6
Q

what is inflammation?

A

contributing to damage and remodeling of the lung parenchyma and airflow limitation

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7
Q

what are the most important inflammatory cells in COPD?

A

neutrophils, macrophages and CD8+ T lymphocytes

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8
Q

neutrophils release what proteases?

A

neutrophil elastatse, cathespin G, proteinase-3, matrix metalloproteinase 8 an 9

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9
Q

what are the most important proteases involved in emphysema?

A

elastases, cathesins and matrix metalloproteases

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10
Q

what is the function of macrophages?

A

secrete inflammatory mediators that activate neutrophils and CD8+ T lymphocytes
- they release proteases (matrix metalloproteinases and cathespins)

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11
Q

what do CD4+ lymphocytes activate?

A

B cells (B cells are involved in antibody production)

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12
Q

there is an increase of what pro inflammatory cytokines?

A

tnf alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-32, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and an assortment of T cell cytokines

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13
Q

what is the function of TNF alpha?

A
  • increases expression of adhesion molecules on leukocytes and endothelial cells and upregulates the production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1 and 6
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14
Q

what is the function of IL-1 beta?

A

activates macrophages which then secrete inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases

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15
Q

what is IL-6?

A

is a link between innate and acquired immunity and stimulates C-reactive protein release from the liver

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16
Q

what is IL-32?

A

newly described pro inflammatory cytokine that is correlated with disease severity

17
Q

what family does thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) belong to?

A

IL-7 family

18
Q

what does thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) do?

A

it plays a key role in dendritic cell programming by stimulating the production of specific chemokines which then attract T helper lymphocytes and cytotoxic T lymphocytes

19
Q

what are chemokines?

A

induce leukocyte chemotaxis specifically promoting neutrophil activation and migration

20
Q

what do growth factors contribute to?

A

airway remodeling

21
Q

what effects can cytokines have?

A

inhibitory or anti inflammatory effects

22
Q

what is IL-10?

A

is a potent anti inflammatory cytokine that inhibits the production of TNF alpha, IL-1 btea, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulated factor, chemokines and matrix metalloproteinase (ALL ARE INCREASED IN COPD)

Patho Sem 2 (99 decks)

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