2.1 producing new cells

Question 1

i can identify the part of a cell which controls the process of cell division (mitosis)

Answer 1

nucleus

Question 2

what is mitosis

Answer 2

Mitosis is the process in which an organism can increase its cell numbers during growth and repair

Question 3

I can state the meaning of “chromosome complement”

Answer 3

The chromosome complement of an organism means the number of chromosomes that it’s cells contain

Question 4

Diploid

Answer 4

Two sets of chromosomes found inside a normal body cell

Question 5

The importance of each daughter cell having the same number of chromosomes as the original parent cell

Answer 5

Daughter cells must have the same number of chromosome as the original parent cell to en-surethey contain a full set of genetic information to be able to function normally

Question 6

two cells formed at the end of mitosis

Answer 6

daughter cells

Question 7

chromotids

Answer 7

two identical copies of chromosomes that are formed when a chromosome doubles immediately before the cell undergoes mitosis. The pair of identical chromatids are then held together es by the centromere until they are pulled apart by the spindle fibre

Question 8

equator

Answer 8

middle zone of the dividing cell. This is where the pairs of chromosome will line up and attach to spindle fibres

Question 9

spindle fibres

Answer 9

appear in a dividing cell when the nucleus membrane disappears. The spindle fibre are made of proteins and are anchored at opposite ends of the cell. When the spindle fibre contracts they pull the pairs of chromosomal apart and pull the newly formed single chromosomes to the opposite poles

Question 10

stage 1 of mitosis

Answer 10

Original parent is preparing for mitosis. The chromosomes are undergoing DNA replication and coiling up to become visible

Question 11

stage 2 of mitosis

Answer 11

each chromosome has now doubled to become two identical pair of chromotids

Question 12

stage 3

Answer 12

the nucleus membrane disappears and the spindle fibre appears. The double chromosomes migrate to the equator and line up attached to the spindle fibres

Question 13

stage 4

Answer 13

the spindle fibres start to contract pulling the identical chromatids apart to the opposite poles of the cell

Question 14

stage 5

Answer 14

The spindle fibres disappear and two new nucleus members appear around each set of chromosomes clustered at opposite poles.

Question 15

stage 6

Answer 15

the cell cytoplasm starts to divide and two new cells membranes form across the centre of the original cell dividing it completely to form two identical daughter cells

Question 16

stem cell

Answer 16

a stem cell is a unspecialised cell capable of rapid cell division to produce new stem cell and cells that will then become specialised during growth and repair of tissues

Question 17

types of stem cells

Answer 17

adult tissue
embryo

Question 18

where are stem cells found

Answer 18

throughout the body and in all body tissues

Question 19

two main processes in the body that involve stem cells

Answer 19

growth and repair

Question 20

specialisation

Answer 20

which a stem cell becomes specialised to carry out a particular function e.g red blood cells have biconcave disc shape and contain haemoglobin

Question 21

functional hierarchy that exist within a multicellular organism

Answer 21

cells -> tissues -> organs -> systems