1.5 genetic engineering

Question 1

genetic engineering define

Answer 1

transfer of genetic information (DNA) from one cell to another

Question 2

stages of GE

Answer 2

1. identifying the section of DNA that contains the required gene from source chromosome
2. extracting required gene
3. extracting a plasmid from the bacterial cell
4. insertion of required gene into bacterial plasmid
5. insertion of this altered plasmid into host bacterial cell to produce a genetically modified organism

Question 3

two types of enzymes during genetic engineering

Answer 3

degradation enzymes used for extraction (cutting out) of a gene and the cutting open of the plasmid

synthesis enzymes are used to reseal the extracted gene into a plasmid

Question 4

what is a genetically modified organism

Answer 4

organism which has had their DNA altered by the addition of genetic materials from another organism

Question 5

example of genetically modified organisms

Answer 5

bacteria producing human insulin
bacteria producing human growth hormone
golden rice
tomatoes with an increased shelf life

Question 6

examples of theraputic uses of cells in the production of human proteins

Answer 6

production of medicines eg human insulin and growth hormone that are both made using bacteria cells insulin is to treat diabetes growth hormone for the treatment of growth hormone deficiencies