1.4 Proteins Flashcards
proteins identify
enzymes
hormones
receptors
antibody’s
channel forming proteins
carrier proteins
definition of an enzyme
biological catalyst. Enzymes are found living in cells and they speed up chemical reactions while remaining unchanged
what is substrate and product in enzyme reaction
substrate- chemical substance at the start of a chemical reaction also known as a raw material
product - chemical substance at the end of an chemical reaction
substrate -> enzyme -> product
what are enzymes made of
proteins
function of active site of an enzyme
the region of the enzyme which is a specefic shape to be complementary to the enzymes specefic substrate. Complementary shape means the enzyme and substrate will fit perfectly together during a reaction
enzyme substrate complex
this is when the enzyme reaction takes place the substate will turn into a product and the complex breaks up
what does complementary enzymes mean
corresponding shapes of the enzymes site and it’s specific substrate that allows them to fit together. The active site and the substrate fit together like a piece of jigsaw
two types of enzyme reaction
synthesis - the build up of small sub states into larger products
degredation - the break down of large substrates into smaller products
optimum
optimum is giving to an enzyme to refer to when it’s conditions in which the enzyme is most active
effect the enzyme - temp and PH
effects of temp and ph
if temp and ph are optimum then an enzyme controlled reaction will work at a quick rate if temp and ph has decreased the rate of reaction will decrease due to reduces enzyme activity
denatured
when an enzyme has been denatured it’s enzyme has active site has changed shape. the rate of reaction will decrease due to an affect wi ph or temp
why can’t an enzyme function when it has been denatures
as it’s active site has changed shape so it can no long be complementary to its specific substrate this means the enzyme can no longer operate because it’s active site can no long fit the substrate
