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ELM2 - musculoskeletal > lecture 1 - skin histology > Flashcards

lecture 1 - skin histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 key layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

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2
Q

What are the 4 key functions of the skin?

A

Protective, biomechanical synthesis, temperature homeostasis, sensation

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3
Q

What type of tissue makes up the epidermis?

A

Stratified epithelium

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4
Q

What is the predominant cell in the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes

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5
Q

What is the function of langerhans cells in the skin?

A

Immune function

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6
Q

What is the function of merkel cells in the epidermis?

A

Sensory nerve endings

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7
Q

What is the function of melanocytes in the epidermis?

A

Produce melanin pigment

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8
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

A

Superficial to deep: stratum corneum, stratum lucidum (thick skin only), stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

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9
Q

What is the main function of the stratum basale?

A

epidermal cellular proliferation via keratinocyte stem cells.

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10
Q

What does the stratum basale sit on that seperates the epidermis from the dermis?

A

Basement membrane

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11
Q

What is the name for the protrusions of the epidermis into the dermis?

A

Epidermal/Rete pegs

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12
Q

What is the name for the protrusions of the dermis into the epidermis?

A

Dermal papillae

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13
Q

What are the 2 components of the basal lamina of the dermal-epidermal junction?

A

lamina lucida, lamina densa

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14
Q

What do the basal keratinocytes of the epidermis contain?

A

Melanosomes, keratin tonofilaments

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15
Q

What connects keratinocytes together in the epidermis?

A

Desmosomes

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16
Q

What connect basal keratinocytes to the basal lamina?

A

Hemidesmosomes

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17
Q

What is the function of desmosomes in the epidermis?

A

Connects keratinocytes together to provide tensile strength

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18
Q

What is the shape of cells in the stratum granulosum?

A

Flattened

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19
Q

What feature of the stratum granulosum helps to form the water barrier of the skin?

A

Keratocyte hyaline granules - produce hydrophobic glycophospholipids

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20
Q

What substance is found in large amounts amongst the cells in the stratum corneum?

A

Keratin

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21
Q

How are melanocytes adhered within the epidermis?

A

Adhered to the basal lamni via hemidesmosomes, but not to other cells in the epidermis via desmosomes.

22
Q

Where are melanosomes found within the epidermis?

A

The stratum granulosum

23
Q

What are the 3 key components of the dermis?

A

Connective tissue, meshwork of fibres (collagen & elastin), ground substance

24
Q

What is the function of collagen in the dermis?

A

Tensile strength

25
Q

What is the function of elastin in the dermis?

A

elasticity - stretch & recoil

26
Q

What types of cells are found in the dermis/

A

Fibroblasts, plasma cells, macrophages, glands

27
Q

What are the 2 regions of the Dermis?

A

Papillary, Reticular

28
Q

What is the most superficial layer of the dermis?

A

Papillary layer

29
Q

What is the deep layer of the dermis?

A

Reticular layer

30
Q

Which layer of the dermis sits adjacent to the epidermis?

A

Papillary layer

31
Q

Which layer of the dermis sits adjacent to the hypodermis?

A

Reticular layer

32
Q

What type of receptor is found in the papillary layer of the dermis?

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

33
Q

What type of receptor is found in the reticular layer of the dermis?

A

Pacinian corpuscles

34
Q

What is the key tissue type of the hpodermis?

A

Connective tissue (adipose tissue)

35
Q

What is the function of the adipose tissue of the hypodermis?

A

Thermal insulation, shock absorption, metabolic energy storage

36
Q

What are the 3 key accessory structures of the skin?

A

Hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands

37
Q

What muscle moves hair follicles?

A

Arrector pilli muscle

38
Q

What layer of skin does a hair follicle sit in?

A

In the epidermis, which extends down into the dermis around the follicle.

39
Q

Where do sebaceous glands typically open into?

A

Hair follicles

40
Q

What do sebaceous glands secrete, and what is its function?

A

Sebum - produces an epidermal barrier

41
Q

What are the 2 types of sweat gland?

A

Eccrine, apocrine

42
Q

Which type of sweat gland are present everywhere in the body?

A

Eccrine, apocrine are not everywhere

43
Q

Where do apocrine sweat glands open into?

A

Hair follicles

44
Q

Where do eccrine sweat glands open into?

A

The skin’s surface

45
Q

What structure helps to push sebum out into hair follicles?

A

Arrector pili muscle

46
Q

What are the 2 parts of a sweat gland?

A

Secretory region, duct

47
Q

What do the sensory receptors in the skin detect?

A

touch, pressure, temperature, pain

48
Q

Where are Meissner’s corpuscles found?

A

Dermal papillae (papillary layer)

49
Q

What are pacinian corpuscles sensitive to?

A

Pressure & vibration - mechanoreceptors

50
Q

What is the structure of a pacinian corpuscle?

A

Capsule, intermediate layered zone, central core with axon terminal

ELM2 - musculoskeletal (28 decks)

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