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ELM2 - musculoskeletal > lecture 16 - shoulder/axilla muscles > Flashcards

lecture 16 - shoulder/axilla muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 regions of attachements of shoulder joint and girdle muscles?

A

1.) between axial skeleton & shoulder girdle
2.) between scapula, clavicle & humerus
3.) between axial skeleton & humerus

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2
Q

What are the muscles between the axial skeleton & shoulder girdle?

A

trapezius, levator scapulae, pectoralis minor, rhomboid minor, rhomboid major, serratus anterior

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3
Q

What are the muscles between the scapula, clavicle & humerus?

A

rotator cuffs (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis), teres major, deltoid

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4
Q

What are the muscles between the axial skeleton and humerus?

A

pectoralis major, latissmus dorsi

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5
Q

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

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6
Q

What is the function of the upper fibres of trapezius?

A

elevate the shoulder girdle

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7
Q

What is the function of the middle fibres of trapezius?

A

retract the shoulder girdle

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8
Q

What is the function of the lower fibres of trapezius?

A

depress the shoulder girdle

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9
Q

What are the movements caused by the trapezius muscle?

A

elevation, retraction, depression, fixation of the shoulder girdle & rotation of scapula during abduction

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10
Q

What are the movements facilitated by levator scapulae muscle?

A

elevation of shoulder girdle (pulls scapula upwards)

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11
Q

What is the function of rhomboid minor?

A

Retraction of the shoulder girdle

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12
Q

What is the function of rhomboid major?

A

Retraction of shoulder girdle

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13
Q

Which rhomboid muscle is superior?

A

Rhomboid minor

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14
Q

What is the function of serratus anterior?

A

Protraction of the shoulder girdle - pulling medial border of scapula towards the mid-lateral line

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15
Q

What muscle is damaged/has interrupted nerve supply to cause a winged scapula?

A

Serratus anterior

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16
Q

What is the overall function of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

stabilise the shoulder joint

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17
Q

What muscle covers the subscapular fossa?

A

Subscapularis

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18
Q

What muscle covers the supraspinous fossa?

A

Supraspinatus

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19
Q

What muscle covers the infraspinous fossa?

A

Infraspinatus

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20
Q

What is the location of teres minor?

A

Posterior surface, lateral border

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21
Q

What is the origin of supraspinatus?

A

Medial aspect of supraspinous fossa

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22
Q

What is the insertion of supraspinatus?

A

Greater tubercle of humerus

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23
Q

What is the origin of infraspinatus?

A

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

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24
Q

What is the insertion of infraspinatus?

A

The glenoid tubercle of head of humerus

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25
Q

What is the origin of subscapularis?

A

subscapular fossa

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26
Q

What is the insertion of subscapularis?

A

The lesser tubercle of the humerus

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27
Q

What is the origin of teres minor?

A

posterior lateral border of scapula

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28
Q

What is the insertion of teres minor?

A

Greater tubercle humerus

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29
Q

What is the insertion of the posterior rotator cuffs?

A

Greater tubercle of the humerus

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30
Q

What is the function of supraspinatus?

A

Abduction of shoulder joint

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31
Q

What is the function of subscapularis?

A

Medial/internal rotation

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32
Q

What is the function of infraspinatus?

A

Lateral/external rotation

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33
Q

What is the function of teres minor?

A

Lateral/external rotation

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34
Q

What are the 2 key bursae of the shoulder joint?

A

Subacromial bursa, subscapular bursa

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35
Q

What is the function of the subacromial bursa?

A

Facilitates the movement of the supraspinatus tendon under the coracoacromial arch

36
Q

What is impingment syndrome of the shoulder?

A

When the subacromial bursa becomes inflamed and impinges on the suprascapualris tendon.

37
Q

What are the 3 types of fibres of the deltoid?

A

Anterior, middle, posterior

38
Q

What is the function of the anterior fibres of deltoid?

A

flexion of the arm

39
Q

What is the function of the middle fibres of deltoid?

A

abduction of the arm

40
Q

What is the function of the posterior fibres of deltoid?

A

extension of the arm

41
Q

What is the origin of deltoid?

A

Clavicle, acromion, scapular spine

42
Q

What is the insertion of deltoid?

A

Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

43
Q

What is the function of teres major?

A

Adduction and medial rotation of the arm

44
Q

What is the origin of teres major?

A

Posterior, inferior angle of scapula

45
Q

What is the insertion of teres major?

A

Intertubercular groove of humerus

46
Q

What are the 2 heads of pectoralis major?

A

Clavicular head, sternocostal head

47
Q

What is the function of the clavicular head of pectoralis major?

A

Flexion of the extended humerus, adduction and medial rotation of humerus

48
Q

What is the function of the sternocostal head of pectoralis major?

A

Extension of the flexed arm, adduction and medial rotation of humerus

49
Q

What is the origin of pectoralis major?

A

clavicle ,sternum. costal cartilage

50
Q

What is the insertion of pectoralis major?

A

Inter-tubercular groover of humerus

51
Q

What is the function of latissmus dorsi?

A

Extension and medial rotation of humerus, adduction of humerus

52
Q

What is the origin of latissmus dorsi?

A

Spinous process of thoracic spine, iliac crest, ribs

53
Q

What is the insertion of latissmus dorsi?

A

Intertubercular groove

54
Q

What 3 muscles insert onto the intertubercular groove of the humerus?

A

pectoralis major (lateral), latissmus dorsi (middle), teres major (medial)

55
Q

What is the shape of the axilla?

A

4 sided pyramid

56
Q

Where is the apex of the axilla ‘pyramid’?

A

between first rib, clavicle and superior subscapularis muscle

57
Q

Where is the base of the axilla ‘pyramid’?

A

skin, subcutaneous tissue and fascia of the armpit

58
Q

Where is the anterior wall of the axilla ‘pyramid’?

A

pectoralis major, fascia

59
Q

Where is the posterior wall of the axilla ‘pyramid’?

A

subscapularis, latissmus dorsi, teres major

60
Q

Where is the lateral wall of the axilla ‘pyramid’?

A

Intertubercular sulcus/groove

61
Q

Where is the medial wall of the axilla ‘pyramid’?

A

Upper thoracic wall, serratus anterior muscle

62
Q

What are the vessels and nerves of the axillary region?

A

axillary artery, axillary vein, brachial plexus, axillary lymph nodes

63
Q

What is arterial pathway from heart to brachial artery (right side)?

A

Heart, aortic arch, brachiocephalic trunk, right subclavian, axillary artery, brachial artery

64
Q

Where does the subclavian artery change name to the axillary artery?

A

1st rib

65
Q

Where does the axillary artery change name to the brachial artery?

A

lower border of teres major muscle

66
Q

What are the 2 arteries that wrap around the surgical neck of the humerus and supply it?

A

Anterior circumflex humeral artery, posterior circumflex humeral artery

67
Q

What nerves supply the brachial plexus?

A

Ventral rami of C5, C6, C7, C8, T1 spinal nerves

68
Q

What part of the spinal nerves supply the brachial plexus?

A

Ventral rami

69
Q

What are the 5 parts of the brachial plexus?

A

Roots, trunks, divisions, cords, branches

70
Q

How many roots are there of the brachial plexus?

A

5

71
Q

What are the trunks of the brachial plexus?

A

Superior, middle, inferior

72
Q

What are the divisions of each trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

Anterior, posterior

73
Q

What are the cords of the brachial plexus?

A

lateral, posterior, medial

74
Q

Which divisions unite to form the lateral cord?

A

anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks

75
Q

Which divisions unite to form the posterior cord?

A

posterior divisions of the superior, middle and inferior trunks

76
Q

Which divisions unite to form the medial cord?

A

Just the anterior division of the inferior trunk

77
Q

What are the 5 branches of the brachial plexus?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve, Axillary nerve, Radial nerve, Median nerve, Ulnar nerve

78
Q

What nerve roots ultimately supply the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

C5, C6, C7

79
Q

What nerve roots ultimately supply the axillary nerve?

A

C5, C6

80
Q

What nerve roots ultimately supply the Radial nerve?

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

81
Q

What nerve roots ultimately supply the median nerve?

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

82
Q

What nerve roots ultimately supply the Ulnar nerve?

A

C8, T1

83
Q

Which cord/s give rise to the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

lateral cord

84
Q

Which cord/s give rise to the radial nerve?

A

posterior cord

85
Q

Which cord/s give rise to the median nerve?

A

lateral cord & medial cord

86
Q

Which cord/s give rise to the axillary nerve?

A

posterior cord

87
Q

Which cord/s give rise to the ulnar nerve?

A

medial cord

ELM2 - musculoskeletal (28 decks)

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