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ELM2 - musculoskeletal > lecture 14 - upper limb bones/joints > Flashcards

lecture 14 - upper limb bones/joints Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the upper limb?

A

reaching, grasping, carrying, throwing, hitting, delicate manipulations

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2
Q

What are the bones of the shoulder girdle?

A

scapula, clavicle

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3
Q

What bones are the shoulder girdles attached to?

A

sternum, humerus

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4
Q

What is the shape of the medial end of the clavicle?

A

rounded

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5
Q

What is the shape of the lateral end of the clavicle?

A

flattened

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6
Q

What are the curvatures of the shaft of the clavicle?

A

Medial 2/3 is convex forwards, lateral 1/3 is concave forward

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7
Q

Which surface of the clavicle is roughened, and which is smooth?

A

Upper surface smooth, lower surface roughened

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8
Q

Why is the upper surface of the clavicle smooth while the lower surface is roughened?

A

The lower surface has muscle attachements

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9
Q

What are the 3 borders of the scapula?

A

medial border, lateral border, superior border

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10
Q

What are the 2 angles of the scapula?

A

Superior angle, inferior angle

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11
Q

What is the name for the anterior flat surface of the scapula?

A

Sub-scapular fossa

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12
Q

What is the name for the posterior flat surface of the scapula, below the spine?

A

Infraspinous fossa

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13
Q

What is the name for the posterior flat surface of the scapula, above the spine?

A

Supraspinous fossa

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14
Q

What part of the scapula has the scapula spine?

A

The posterior surface

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15
Q

What are the 2 processes of the scapula?

A

Coracoid process, acromion process

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16
Q

What part of the scapula does the clavicle articulate with?

A

Acromion

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17
Q

What are the 2 joints of the clavicle?

A

Acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular

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18
Q

What ligament stabilises the acromioclavicular joint?

A

superior acromioclavicular ligament

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19
Q

What ligament stabilises the clavicle by joining it to the coracoid?

A

Coracoclavicular ligament

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20
Q

What ligament is made up of the trapezoid and conoid components?

A

Coracoclavicular ligament

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21
Q

What are the 2 parts of the coracoclavicular ligament?

A

trapezoid, conoid

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22
Q

What is the medial part of the coracoclavicular ligament

A

Conoid

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23
Q

What is the lateral part of the coracoclavicular ligament?

A

trapezoid

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24
Q

What part of the sternum does the clavicle articulate with?

A

Manubrium

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25
Q

What ligament stabilises the connection between the 2 clavicles, superior to the manubrium?

A

Interclavicular ligament

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26
Q

What ligament stabilises the medial clavicle to the 1st rib?

A

Costoclavicular ligament

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27
Q

What ligaments stabilises the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Anterior and superior sternoclavicular ligaments

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28
Q

What structures are found between the sternum and clavicle at the sternoclavicular joint?

A

fibrocartilaginous articular disc

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29
Q

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Synovial plane joint

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30
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

synovial saddle joint

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31
Q

What ligament stabilises the scapula be joining the coracoid process and acromion?

A

Coracoacromial ligament

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32
Q

What ligament wraps around the tendon of the long head of the biceps proximally?

A

transverse humeral ligament

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33
Q

What are the 2 articulating surfaces of the shoulder joint?

A

head of humerus, glenoid fossa

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34
Q

What is the alternative name for the shoulder joint?

A

Glenohumeral joint

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35
Q

What ligament prevents superior shoulder dislocation?

A

coracoacromial ligament

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36
Q

What are the capsular ligaments of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Coracohumeral ligament, glenohumeral ligaments

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37
Q

What structure forms a rim around the glenoid fossa?

A

glenoid labrum

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38
Q

What tendon is attached to the glenoid labrum?

A

Tendon of long head of biceps brachii

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39
Q

What is the more proximal neck of the humerus?

A

Anatomic neck

40
Q

What is the more distal neck of the humerus?

A

surgical neck

41
Q

What are the consequences of a fracture to the anatomical neck of the humerus?

A

necrosis of the head due to cutting off the blood supply

42
Q

What are the consequences of a fracture to the surgical neck of the humerus?

A

disruption of circumflex arteries and axillary nerve

43
Q

What structures stabilise the glenohumeral joint?

A

Rotator cuff muscles, coracoacromial arch, long head of the biceps

44
Q

What are the 3 bones of the elbow joint?

A

Humerus, radius, ulna

45
Q

What is the most medial part of the distal humerus?

A

medial epicondyle

46
Q

What is the most lateral part of the distal humerus?

A

Lateral epicondyle

47
Q

What are the anterior fossa (s) of the distal humerus?

A

coronoid fossa, radial fossa

48
Q

What are the posterior fossa (s) of the distal humerus?

A

olecranon fossa

49
Q

What is the medial feature of the anterior articulation of the humerus at the elbow?

A

trochlea

50
Q

What is the lateral feature of the anterior articulation of the humerus at the elbow?

A

capitulum

51
Q

What feature of the ulna articualtes with the trochlea?

A

Trochlea notch

52
Q

What feature fits into the radial fossa upon flexion at the elbow?

A

Radial tuberosity

53
Q

Where is head of the radius found?

A

at the proximal end at elbow joint

54
Q

Where is head of the ulna found?

A

at the distal end at the wrist joint

55
Q

What is the bony eminence of the ulna that articulates at the inferior elbow joint?

A

Olecranon

56
Q

Where is the radial tuberosity located?

A

On the proximal, anterior radius

57
Q

Where is the ulna tuberosity located?

A

Proximal anterior ulna

58
Q

What type of joint is the elbow?

A

Synovial, hinge joint

59
Q

What are the 2 parts of the elbow joint?

A

Humeroulnar joint, humeroradial joint

60
Q

What are the components of the humeroulnar joint?

A

Trochlea of humerus, trochlear notch of ulna

61
Q

What are the components of the humeroradial joint?

A

capitulum, head of radius

62
Q

What movements are possible at the elbow?

A

flexion, extension

63
Q

What ligaments stabilise the elbow joint?

A

Ulnar collateral ligament, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament

64
Q

What are the attachments of the ulnar collateral ligament?

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus, trochlear notch of ulnar

65
Q

What are the attachments of the radial collateral ligament?

A

lateral epicondyle, annular ligament

66
Q

What are the attachments of the annular ligament?

A

Radial notch, fibrous capsule & RCL of joint

67
Q

What ligaments are attached to the radius?

A

None - the annular ligament wraps around but does not attach, and the RCL attaches directly to the annular ligament

68
Q

What type of joint are the radioulnar joints?

A

Pivot joints

69
Q

What are the movements possible at the radioulnar joints?

A

pronation, supination

70
Q

What is the position of the hand during pronation?

A

palming facing posterior (in anatomical position)

71
Q

What is the position of the hand during supination?

A

Palm facing anterior (anatomical position)

72
Q

What ligament stabilises the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Annular ligament

73
Q

What are the articulating components of the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

head of radius, radial fossa of ulna

74
Q

What are the articulating components of the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Ulnar notch of radius, styloid process of ulna

75
Q

What sits between the ulnar and radius at the distal radioulnar joint?

A

L shaped/triangular articular disc

76
Q

How many phalanges does each digit have?

A

3 for fingers, 2 for thumb/pollex

77
Q

What is the first digit?

A

thumb/pollex

78
Q

What is the fifth digit?

A

pinkie finger

79
Q

How many carpal bones are there?

A

8

80
Q

What are the 8 carpal bones?

A

(proximal lateral) Scaphoid, Lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, hamate, capitate (distal medial)

(Some Lovers Try Positions
That They Can’t Handle)

81
Q

What are the 4 proximal carpals?

A

Lateral to medial: Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform

82
Q

What are the 4 distal carpals?

A

(lateral to medial) trapezium, trapezoid, hamate, capitate

83
Q

What type of joint is the wrist?

A

Ellipsoidal

84
Q

What movements are possible at the wrist joint?

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

85
Q

What ligaments stabilise abduction and adduction at the wrist joint?

A

radial and ulnar collateral ligaments

86
Q

What is abduction at the wrist in terms of bones?

A

radial deviation

87
Q

What is the name for the joints between the distal and proximal row of carpals?

A

Midcarpal joints

88
Q

What type of joint are the medial 4 carpometacarpal joints?

A

Plane joints

89
Q

What type of joint is the lateral metacarpal joint?

A

saddle joint

90
Q

What does the first metacarpal articulate with proximally?

A

trapezium bone (carpal)

91
Q

What movements are possible at the first carpometacarpal joint?

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, opposition

92
Q

What type of joint are the metacarpophalangeal joints?

A

ellipsoidal

93
Q

What movements are possible at the metacarpophalangeal joints?

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

94
Q

What are the ligaments supporting the metacarpophalangeal joints?

A

joint capsule, medial/lateral collateral ligaments, palmar ligament, deep transverse metacarpal ligament

95
Q

What type of joint are the interphalangeal joints?

A

Hinge joints

96
Q

What movements are possible at the interphalangeal joints?

A

flexion/extension

97
Q

What are the steps in the transmission of force through the upper limb from the hand?

A

metacarpal bones, carpals, radius, ulna (via interosseous membrane), humerus, shoulder girdle, sternum, ribs

ELM2 - musculoskeletal (28 decks)

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