16: metabolism

Question 1

what is metabolism?

Answer 1

the chemical rxns that take place in bac allowing it to extract energy/ make new compounds

Question 2

Where do we get the energy to make ATP?

Answer 2

from glucose

Question 3

What kind of rxn is it when ATP is broken down?

Answer 3

exergonic

Question 4

The process of making ATP involves what?

Answer 4

1. breakdown of glucose/ other carbon source
2. this energy is used to create a proton gradient
3. which is then used to make ATP

Question 5

Why does ATP need to be recycled within the body?

Answer 5

we have 100g of ATP but use 40kg per day

Question 6

In fermentation, _________ is broken down and an _________ is the final electron acceptor

Answer 6

glucose; organic molecule

Question 7

What are the two final electron acceptors that are used in fermentation? are they organic or inorganic?

Answer 7

pyruvate and acetaldehyde; organic

Question 8

What are the two possible final products of fermentation? and what are their FEA?

Answer 8

lactic acid (from pyruvate) and ethanol (from acetaldehyde)

Question 9

In respiration, breakdown of _________ or other carbon source in which a ________________ is the final electron acceptor

Answer 9

glucose; nonorganic compound

Question 10

What are they two types of respiration?

Answer 10

aerobic and anaerobic

Question 11

What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration? Where is this molecule used after?

Answer 11

free oxygen; used in electron transport system

Question 12

what is the final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?

Answer 12

molecule that is not oxygen such as nitrate

Question 13

How much ATP does anaerobic respiration generate compared to aerobic resp and fermentation?

Answer 13

generates more than fermentation but less than aerobic respiration

Question 14

oxidation is the (loss or gain) of an electron?

Answer 14

loss

Question 15

reduction is the (loss or gain) of an electron?

Answer 15

gain

Question 16

What is the reduced version of the two compounds that are used to build the proton gradient (get reduced while breaking down glucose)

Answer 16

NADH+ H+ and FADH2

Question 17

from what two vitamins are NADH + H+ and FADH2 made from?

Answer 17

niacin and riboflavin

Question 18

What is the oxidized version of the compounds that are reduced during the break down of glucose?

Answer 18

NAD+ and FAD

Question 19

What does NAD+ stand for?

Answer 19

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Question 20

What powers the proton gradient?

Answer 20

oxidation reduction reactions

Question 21

the energy from the proton gradient is then used for what?

Answer 21

to make ATP

Question 22

How much ATP is gained when pyruvate is reduced to lactic acid?

Answer 22

none

Question 23

what does aerobic glycolysis yield?

Answer 23

gets broken down to pyruvate, yields ATP and NADH + H+

Question 24

what does anaerobic glycolysis yield?

Answer 24

gets broken down to pyruvate, yields ATP and NAD+