20: translation

Question 1

what is translation?

Answer 1

connecting amino acids to make a polypeptide or protein using the instructions on the mRNA

Question 2

a protein is a polymer of ______________ just like RNA and DNA are polymers of ___________

Answer 2

amino acids; nucleotides

Question 3

what bonds connect amino acids?

Answer 3

peptide bonds

Question 4

what bonds connect nucleotides?

Answer 4

phosphodiester bonds

Question 5

what three things does translation require and what do they do?

Answer 5

mRNA (instructions indicating sequence of amino acids) tRNA (bring amino acids to mRNA) rRNA (connects amino acids together)

Question 6

what kind of RNA is mRNA? what does that mean?

Answer 6

coding RNA - encodes amino acids in a protein

Question 7

what kind of RNA is tRNA and rRNA?

Answer 7

noncoding- do not encode amino acids

Question 8

what is in the rRNA that connects the amino acids to each other? what is the name of it and what kind of activity does it have?

Answer 8

ribozyme; has enzymatic activity specifically, peptidyl transferase activity

Question 9

what are the codons that do not encode amino acid called?

Answer 9

stop/ nonsense codons

Question 10

where are codons found on the mRNA?

Answer 10

coding region

Question 11

what is the start codon in Bacteria encode?

Answer 11

N-formylmethionine

Question 12

what is the start codon in Eukarya and Archaea encode?

Answer 12

methionine

Question 13

what kind of group does N-formylmethionine bonded to the nitrogen?

Answer 13

a formyl group

Question 14

what terminus on a bacterial protein contains a formyl group on it?

Answer 14

amino terminus

Question 15

the nucleotide sequence on the codon resembles which strand on the DNA?

Answer 15

resembles partner strand

Question 16

the nucleotide sequence on the anticodon resembles which strand on the DNA? what is it complementary to?

Answer 16

template; codon

Question 17

what are codons that encode the same amino acid called?

Answer 17

synonymous codons

Question 18

tRNAs are encoded by genes, are these transcribed, translated, or both? does it take place in translation?

Answer 18

transcribed, but not translated; yes

Question 19

what kind of base pairing does tRNA have within it?

Answer 19

intramolecular

Question 20

what kind of base pairing does tRNA have when it base pairs with a codon?

Answer 20

intermolecular

Question 21

the codon will be ___________ to the anticodon so the complementary bases can base pair

Answer 21

antiparallel