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SA dx/tx > Canine Hypothyroidism > Flashcards

Canine Hypothyroidism Flashcards

1
Q

What is the only source of T4?

A

Thyroid glands

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2
Q

How is thyroid hormone production regulated?

A

TRH from the hypothalamus
TSH from the pituitary gland

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3
Q

What do thyroid hormones do?

A

Crucial for fetal and juvenile development
Drive calorigenesis
Boost protein and enzyme synthesis
Impact carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
Stimulate erythropoiesis
Supports normal immune function
Supports healthy skin and hair
Every organ is influenced in some way by thyroid activity

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4
Q

What do thyroid hormone levels tend to do with illness?

A

Drop

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5
Q

What is the biologically active form?

A

T3

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6
Q

What is the most commonly diagnosed endocrine disease in dogs?

A

Hypothyroidism

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7
Q

What type of hypothyroidism accounts for 95% of cases?

A

Primary

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8
Q

What are the 3 causes of primary hypothyroidism?

A

Lymphocytic thyroiditis (immune mediated)
Idiopathic thyroid atrophy
Iatrogenic

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9
Q

What happens with idiopathic thyroid atrophy?

A

Non-inflammatory replacement with adipose and fibrous tissue

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10
Q

What occurs in secondary hypothyroidism?

A

Problem specific to anterior pituitary gland resulting in depressed TSH levels
Thyroid gland becomes atrophies

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11
Q

What occurs in secondary hypothyroidism?

A

Problem specific to anterior pituitary gland resulting in depressed TSH levels
Thyroid gland becomes atrophied

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12
Q

What is tertiary hypothyroidism due to?

A

Problem specific to the hypothalamus resulting in depressed TRH levels
Malformation or destruction

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13
Q

What causes congenital hypothyroidism?

A

Iodine deficiency, thyroid dysgenesis, dyshormonogenesis, faulty thyroid peroxidase activity

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14
Q

What breeds may be predisposed to hypothyroidism?

A

Golden Retriever
Dobermans
Irish Setters
Great Danes
Beagles

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15
Q

What are clinical signs of hypothyroidism?

A

Lethargy and general ‘blah’
Weight gain
Dermatological issues - alopecia, seborrhea, etc
Pyoderma
Myxedema (tragic face)
Gall bladder mucocele

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16
Q

What chemistry findings would you expect in a hypothyroid dog?

A

Hypercholesterolemia - can be dramatic
Hypertriglyceridemia
Mild increase in ALP

17
Q

How does neonatal T4 levels compare to adults?

A

Neonates normally have higher T4 levels

18
Q

How do sighthound T4 levels compare to other breeds?

A

Sighthounds have lower T4 levels

19
Q

What do barbiturates do to thyroid hormones?

A

Decrease tT4 and fT4
TSH may be normal or high

20
Q

What do glucocorticoids do to thyroid hormones?

A

Decrease tT4 and fT4
Inhibits TRH/TSH release

21
Q

What do NSAIDs do to thyroid hormones?

A

Decrease tT4
Mild effect

22
Q

What do sulphonamides do to thyroid hormones?

A

Decrease tT4 and fT4
Increase TSH
Recovery expected within 3 weeks

23
Q

Is a low tT4 test value enough evidence to make a diagnosis of hypothyroidism?

A

No

24
Q

What measurement is a useful way to establish a diagnosis of hypothyroidism?

A

TSH

25
Q

What is the expected thyroid test results for a primary hypothyroidism dog?

A

low tT4, low fT4, increased TSH
(25% of affected dogs have a normal TSH)

26
Q

What is the expected thyroid test results for a secondary hypothyroidism dog?

A

low tT4, low fT4, low TSH

27
Q

What is the expected thyroid test results for euthyroid sick syndrome?

A

low tT4, normal fT4, normal TSH
(fT4 will drop in extreme illness)

28
Q

Does the measurement of autoantibodies predict eventual clinical hypothyroidism?

A

No

29
Q

What is the recommended treatment for hypothyroidism?

A

Levothyroxine
0.02 mg/kg PO BID
Make sure you are consistent
Need increased dosing if given while being fed

30
Q

How should you monitor a hypothyroid dog?

A

Check tT4 after 2-4 weeks of therapy, adjust dose as needed to keep tT4 at upper end of reference range or even just above, check every 4-6 months longterm

31
Q

What would you expect to see with congenital hypothyroidism in a cat?

A

Kitten
Disproportionate dwarfism
Constipation

32
Q

What should you always consider in a kitten with recurrent constipation?

A

Feline hypothyroidism

SA dx/tx (26 decks)

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