Hypertension Flashcards
How is direct blood pressure measured?
Via catheterization of an artery and an electronic transducer
What is the best method of indirect blood pressure measurement in a small dog or cat?
Doppler sphygmomanometry
What indirect method can only be used in medium to large breed dogs?
Oscillometry
What blood pressure is used for clinical assessment? (systolic, diastolic, or mean?)
Systolic
When should blood pressure be measured?
In patients with signs of TOD
In patients with conditions known to be associated with hypertension
In patients with medications/following ingestion of toxin that is known to cause hypertension
Screening of aging patients
What is different about sighthounds?
Higher normal ranges by approximately 10-20 mmHg
How many times does hypertension needed to be documented to be considered persistent?
At least 3
What are disorders associated with hypertension?
CKD
AKI
Hyperadrenocorticism
Hyperthyroidism
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Pheochromocytoma
DM
Medications
Toxins
What exam is important to do in a patient with hypertension?
Fundic exam
What are the common places for TOD?
Kidney
Eyes
Brain
Cardiovascular system
Once hypertension is controlled, how often should you monitor them?
Every 3 months
What is Amlodipine besylate and what is it used for?
Calcium channel blocker
Dose is based on blood pressure, not weight
Great 1st choice in cats
May decrease proteinuria
Can be used with an ACEi in dogs with severe hypertension
What are enalapril and benazepril and what are they used for?
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
Reduce vascular resistance
Volume retention
Great 1st choice in dogs
Antiproteinuric effect
Not recommended as first line therapy in hypertensive cats
Do not use in dehydrated patients
Is enalapril or benazepril renally eliminated?
Enalapril is
What is Telmisartan and what is it used for?
Angiotensin receptor blocker
Labelled for treatment of hypertension in cats
May be used in dogs
Do not use in dehydrated patients
