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SA dx/tx > Conjunctiva and Lacrimal > Flashcards

Conjunctiva and Lacrimal Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most sensitive test for determining ocular connection to the brain?

A

Dazzle reflex

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2
Q

What nerves does the palpebral reflex assess?

A

5 and 7

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3
Q

What nerves does the menace response assess?

A

2 and 7

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4
Q

What nerves does PLR assess?

A

2 and 3

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5
Q

What nerves does the dazzle reflex assess?

A

2 and 7

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6
Q

What does the oculocephalic reflex assess?

A

Peripheral and central vestibular components
CN 2, 3, 4, 6

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7
Q

What does the corneal reflex assess?

A

5 and 7

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8
Q

What are the three red eye conditions?

A

Keratoconjunctivitis
Uveitis
Glaucoma

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9
Q

Define chemosis.

A

Edema of the conjunctiva

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10
Q

Define conjunctival hyperemia.

A

Used to describe congestion of the superficial vessels of the conjunctiva, predominance of this finding suggests superficial disease

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11
Q

Define conjunctival lymphoid follicles.

A

A response to non-specific antigenic stimulation, presence of these follicles anywhere but the bulbar surface of the third eyelid is considered abnormal and consistent with a diagnosis of conjunctivitis

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12
Q

Define conjunctival fornix.

A

The area where palpebral conjunctiva meets bulbar conjunctiva

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13
Q

Define conjunctivitis.

A

Inflammation of the conjunctiva exclusively

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14
Q

Define episcleral injection.

A

Congestion of deep conjunctival vessels, known as episcleral vessels, predominance of this clinical sign suggests deeper disease processes

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15
Q

Define epiphora.

A

Abnormal overproduction of tears

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16
Q

Define ghost vessels.

A

Non-perfused corneal blood vessels, these vessel tracks provide evidence of previous keratitis

17
Q

Define goblet cells.

A

Present in conjunctival epithelium and produce the innermost mucous layer of the three-layered tear film

18
Q

Define keratitis.

A

Inflammation of the cornea, clinical signs include corneal neovascularization (most common), corneal pigmentation, corneal fibrosis, corneal ulceration, and white blood cell infiltration

19
Q

Define mucoid discharge.

A

A very common clinical sign with conjunctivitis

20
Q

Define mucopurulent discharge.

A

Most commonly found in cases of KCS, due to loss of the aqueous portion of the tear film which then causes mucous overproduction, bacterial overgrowth, and subsequent white blood cell recruitment

21
Q

Define symblepharon.

A

Permanent adhesion between the conjunctiva and the cornea

22
Q

Where is the only place you should find lymphoid tissue in the eye?

A

Bulbar surface of the third eyelid

23
Q

What are the clinical signs for allergic conjunctivitis?

A

Blepharospasm
Epiphora
Mucoid discharge
Hyperemia
Lymphoid follicles (specific sign)

24
Q

What is the common signalment for allergic conjunctivitis?

A

Young dogs and/or atopic dogs

25
Q

How would you treat allergic conjunctivitis?

A

One of the following:
Steroid (neo-poly-dex)
NSAID (diclofenac)
T-cell inhibitor (optimmune (cyclosporine) takes 6 weeks)

26
Q

What are the three layers of the tear film?

A

Oil/lipid - outermost - meibomian glands
Aqueous - middle - lacrimal and gland of third eyelid
Mucinous - innermost - conjunctival goblet cells

27
Q

What are the three functions of the tear film?

A

Cleans, nourish, protect

28
Q

What is the only layer that can be tested? With what?

A

Aqueous
Schermer tear test

29
Q

What are the causes of KCS?

A

Immune mediate destruction (most common)
Excision of the gland of the third eyelid
Drugs (sulfonamides, atropine)
Trauma
Neurogenic (most common unilateral)
Infectious (distemper)

30
Q

What is the only cause of bacterial conjunctivitis in dogs?

A

KCS

31
Q

What is the main clinical sign for KCS?

A

Mucopurulent discharge

32
Q

What is the treatment for KCS?

A

Topical cyclosporine BID for life

33
Q

What are the effects of cyclosporine?

A

Suppresses further destruction of lacrimal tissue
Directly stimulates tear production
Anti-inflammatory effects

34
Q

What are the four objectives for KCS treatment?

A

Replace the tears
Stimulate more tears
Anti-inflammatory therapy
Temporary antibiotic therapy

35
Q

When should you recheck for KCS?

A

4-6 weeks

36
Q

What else would you see with neurogenic KCS?

A

Unilateral dry nose

37
Q

What are the most common causes of feline conjunctivitis in order of prevalence?

A

Feline herpesvirus keratoconjunctivitis
Chlamydial conjunctivitis
Mycoplasma conjunctivitis
Calicivirus conjunctivitis

SA dx/tx (26 decks)

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