Ophthalmology Exam

Question 1

Define anterior segment.

Answer 1

Anatomic term that refers to the anterior half of the eye, including the cornea, anterior chamber (and aqueous humor), iris, ciliary body, and the lens

Question 2

Define anterior chamber.

Answer 2

The fluid filled space posterior to the cornea and anterior to the iris

Question 3

Define corneal ulceration.

Answer 3

Disruption of the corneal epithelium and exposure of the corneal stroma

Question 4

Define dazzle reflex.

Answer 4

Any aversion response to a bright light source placed close to the eye

Question 5

Define fundoscopy.

Answer 5

Ophthalmic technique used to view the ocular fundus

Question 6

Define Jones test.

Answer 6

Application of fluorescein dye to the ocular surface which then appears at the nares, a positive test confirms nasolacrimal patency

Question 7

Define miosis.

Answer 7

A small/constricted pupil

Question 8

Define mydriasis.

Answer 8

A large/dilated pupil

Question 9

Define ocular fundus.

Answer 9

Interior aspect of the posterior eye; structures include the neurosensory retina, the retinal pigmented epithelium, choroid and choroidal tapetum, sclera, and optic nerve

Question 10

Define optical dissection.

Answer 10

Technique in which a very focal, very bright light is transmitted through clear structures

Question 11

Define photopic.

Answer 11

In a well-lit environment

Question 12

Define proparacine.

Answer 12

Topical anesthetic that decreases sensitivity of the conjunctiva and cornea

Question 13

Define retroillumination.

Answer 13

Using light that is shone into the eye to reflect against internal structures and highlight normal/abnormal features during an ophthalmic examination

Question 14

Define Seidel test.

Answer 14

Application of fluorescein die to the ocular surface and subsequent appearance of aqueous humor leaking through dense fluorescein stain, a positive test confirms corneal perforation

Question 15

Define scotopic.

Answer 15

In a dark environment

Question 16

Define specular reflection.

Answer 16

The mirror-like reflection of light from the surface of the eye

Question 17

Define tropicamide.

Answer 17

Diagnostic topical anticholinergic drug used to induce mydriasis

Question 18

Define tyndall effect.

Answer 18

Optical diagnostic technique that highlights particles in suspension using a bright, narrow, and focused beam of light in a dark environment

Question 19

Does direct or indirect fundoscopy give more magnification?

Answer 19

Direct

Question 20

Does direct or indirect fundoscopy give a larger field of view?

Answer 20

Indirect

Question 21

Does direct or indirect fundoscopy give a larger depth perception?

Answer 21

Indirect

Question 22

Of direct and indirect fundoscopy, which is safer?

Answer 22

Indirect

Question 23

What are the two techniques to discern depth?

Answer 23

Optical dissection
Specular reflection

Question 24

What do specular reflections allow you to determine?

Answer 24

The smoothness of the ocular surface
Cannot tell you intraocular disease

Question 25

What are contraindications for a schirmer tear test?

Answer 25

Ocular fragility
Any indentation in the cornea

Question 26

What is a normal Schirmer tear test for dogs?

Answer 26

> 15 mm wetting/60 seconds

Question 27

What does a Schirmer tear test measure? When should it be done?

Answer 27

Basal and reflex tearing
Should be done 1st

Question 28

His fluoresceine hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 28

Hydrophilic

Question 29

What type of light should you use with fluorescene?

Answer 29

Cobalt blue

Question 30

What layers of the eye will stain?

Answer 30

Tear film - needs to be flushed
Stroma
(Epithelium and Descemet’s membrane will not stain)

Question 31

Does a negative Jones test verify blockage of the nasolacrimal duct?

Answer 31

No