Pharmacokinetics

Question 1

Which kinetic model describes the process that metabolizes a constant amount of drug per unit time?

Answer 1

Zero order

Question 2

What drugs follow zero order kinetics?

Answer 2

Aspirin, phenytoin, alcohol, warfarin, heparin, & theophylline

Question 3

Which process is a phase 2 reaction? (Reduction, conjugation, oxidation, hydrolysis)

Answer 3

Conjugation

Question 4

Adds electrons to a compound

Answer 4

Reduction

Question 5

Removes electrons from a compound

Answer 5

Oxidation

Question 6

Adds water to a compound to split it apart

Answer 6

Hydrolysis

Question 7

What are the 3 phases of metabolism?

Answer 7

Modification
Conjugation
Elimination

Question 8

What drugs undergo perfusion-dependent hepatic elimination?
Diazepam
Fentanyl
Rocuronium
Lidocaine
Propofol
Remifentanil

Answer 8

Fentanyl
Propofol
Lidocaine

Question 9

What drugs undergo capacity-dependent hepatic elimination?
Diazepam
Fentanyl
Rocuronium
Lidocaine
Propofol
Remifentanil

Answer 9

Diazepam
Rocuronium

Question 10

Measures how much drug is delivered to the liver vs how much drug is eliminated by the liver

Answer 10

Hepatic extraction ratio

Question 11

Perfusion-dependent hepatic elimination is primarily determined by?

Answer 11

Liver blood flow

Question 12

Capacity-dependent hepatic elimination is primarily determined by?

Answer 12

The liver’s ability to extract the drug from the blood

Question 13

Co-administration of which drug reduces the observed potency of codeine?
Diltiazem
Fluoxetine
Phenytoin
Rifampin

Answer 13

Fluoxetine

Question 14

Which P450 enzyme is the most important , metabolizing nearly 50% of the drugs we administer?

Answer 14

CYP 3A4

Question 15

______ influences whether drugs are excreted in the urine or reabsorbed into the peri tubular calillaries

Answer 15

Urine pH

Question 16

______ & ______ acidify the urine to help eliminate basic drugs

Answer 16

Ammonium chloride & cranberry juice

Question 17

_____ & _____ will alkaline the urine to help eliminate acidic drugs

Answer 17

Sodium bicarbonate & acetazolamide

Question 18

Identify the drugs that are metabolized by nonspecific plasma esterases (select 3)
Esmolol
Atracurium
Cocaine
Remifentanil
Succinylcholine
Fospropofol

Answer 18

Esmolol, atracurium, Remifentanil

Question 19

Pseudocholinesterase deficiency extends the DOA of what drugs?

Answer 19

Succ
Mivacurium
Cocaine
Ester LAs

Question 20

Which LA is least likely to accumulate in a hypoxia fetus?

Answer 20

Chloroprocaine

Question 21

What is the equation for calculating loading dose?

Answer 21

(Vd x desired plasma concentration) / bioavailability

Question 22

An oral drug has a volume of distribution of 0.5L/kg with a bioavailability of 50%. In a 70kg pt, what loading dose must be administered to achieve a plasma concentration of 10mg/L?

Answer 22

700mg

Question 23

Drugs with an ester linkage are most susceptible to which type of metabolism?

Answer 23

Hydrolysis

Question 24

Vd=

Answer 24

(Amount of drug)/ (desired Cp)

Question 25

Steady state is achieved after how many half lives?

Answer 25

5