Management of viral and Fungal Infection

Question 1

When counseling patients about adjusting to antiretroviral therapy, it is important to include a discussion of potential adverse effects. Patient education about the side effects of protease inhibitors should include anticipation of:

Answer 1

Gastrointestinal distress.

Question 2

The three classes of drugs used to suppress viral replication and preserve/restore immune function in treatment-naive HIV patients do not include:

Answer 2

Integrase inhibitors.

Question 3

The three targets of antiviral therapy include all of the following except:

Answer 3

Viral membrane synthesis.

Question 4

Pharmacologic management of viral infection is complicated by the fact that:

Answer 4

Viruses reside within human cells.

Question 5

Which step in the process of viral infection is the one that makes viral infection so difficult to eradicate?

Answer 5

Integration of viral DNA into nuclear DNA.

Question 6

Criteria for changing antiretroviral therapy in the patient with HIV include all of the following except:

Answer 6

Immune reconstitution syndrome.

Question 7

The primary difference between the two fusion inhibitors is that:

Answer 7

One is administered parenterally and one is taken orally.

Question 8

Kidney stones, peripheral paresthesias, and GI symptoms are all common adverse effects of:

Answer 8

Protease inhibitors.

Question 9

With respect to replication of the HIV virus, the role of reverse transcriptase is to allow:

Answer 9

Synthesis of a DNA form of the RNA viral code.

Question 10

While evaluating a patient on antiretroviral medications, decreased bone mineral density is an anticipated adverse effect for which of the following drug classes?

Answer 10

NRTIs

Question 11

Neuraminidase inhibitors are characterized by:

Answer 11

Coverage of influenza types A and B.

Question 12

Antiviral drugs used to manage HIV are not effective in the management of patients with herpes virus infection. This is because:

Answer 12

Herpes viruses do not have reverse transcriptase.

Question 13

There are a variety of drugs available to serve as post-exposure prophylaxis of influenza or to shorten the duration of symptoms after influenza occurs. Which one of them is contraindicated in patients with preexisting reactive airway disease or COPD?

Answer 13

Zanamivir

Question 14

Headache, peripheral neuritis, lethargy, photosensitivity, and drug-induced hepatitis are all potential adverse effects of:

Answer 14

Griseofulvin.

Question 14

Because of its ability to inhibit steroid biosynthesis in humans at high doses, ketoconazole is sometimes used in the medical management of which endocrine abnormality?

Answer 14

Cushing syndrome

Question 14

Eradicating fungal infection requires different classes of drugs than those used for both bacterial and viral infection. A primary target of drug therapy in the management of fungal infection is:

Answer 14

Ergosterol, the structural unit of the fungal membrane.

Question 14

Which of the following types of virus vaccines can precipitate infection in an immunocompromised host?

Answer 14

Attenuated

Question 14

Amphotericin B is an antifungal agent used in the management of serious fungal infection. This drug is characterized by a variety of significant adverse effects. Which of the following is the electrolyte abnormality most often associated with amphotericin B use?

Answer 14

Hypokalemia

Question 14

Fluconazole can be considered for the treatment or prevention of all of the following fungal infections except:

Answer 14

Pulmonary aspergillosis.

Question 14

Inactivated vaccines include all of the following except:

Answer 14

Rotavirus.

Question 14

Because of its ability to inhibit steroid biosynthesis in humans at high doses, ketoconazole is sometimes used in the medical management of which endocrine abnormality?

Answer 14

Cushing syndrome