Drugs that affect the Cardiovascular system

Question 1

Thiazide diuretics and loops diuretics have different primary indications because of which important difference between them?

Answer 1

Thiazide diuretics require luminal perfusion to reach their active site.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about beta-adrenergic blockers is correct?

Answer 2

Some beta-adrenergic blockers are cardioselective, blocking only beta1 receptors; others are not and also block beta2 receptors in smooth muscle.

Question 3

During diuretic therapy, levels of which electrolyte should be monitored?

Answer 3

Potassium

Question 4

The beta-adrenergic antagonist nebivolol:

Answer 4

Is highly cardioselective.

Question 5

Which of the following agents is beta1 selective?

Answer 5

Atenolol

Question 6

During diuretic therapy, which of the following should be monitored?

Answer 6

Renal function

Question 7

Which type of diuretic is available only for oral use?

Answer 7

Potassium-sparing diuretics

Question 8

Which of the following best characterizes the mechanism of action of diuretics?

Answer 8

Diuretics inhibit the transport of ions across the tubular membrane.

Question 9

Which of the following is a mechanism of action of beta-adrenergic blockers?

Answer 9

Preventing sympathetic stimulation of the heart

Question 10

Which of the following statements about angiotensin II receptor blockers is correct?

Answer 10

Renal alterations are less common than with ACE inhibitors.

Question 11

When prescribing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, the advanced practice nurse may anticipate all of the following except:

Answer 11

Hypokalemia.

Question 12

The HCN channel blocker ivabradine (Corlanor®) is contraindicated for CHF patients with:

Answer 12

Atrial fibrillation.

Question 13

The only absolute contraindication to ACE inhibitor use is:

Answer 13

Bilateral renal artery stenosis.

Question 14

The baseline laboratory evaluation of patients taking ACE inhibitors should include:

Answer 14

Urine protein.

Question 15

Angiotensin II stimulates the release of which hormone that causes sodium and water retention in the kidneys?

Answer 15

Aldosterone

Question 16

When considering the use of valsartan/sacubitril (Entresto®) for congestive heart failure, the NP considers all of the following except:

Answer 16

There are few significant drug-drug interactions.

Question 17

The renin inhibitor, aliskiren, can significantly reduce the activity of:

Answer 17

Loop diuretics.

Question 18

Which of the following agents attenuates the hypotensive effects of ACE inhibitors?

Answer 18

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents (NSAIDS)

Question 19

The most common adverse effects of calcium channel blockers are:

Answer 19

Related to vasodilation.

Question 20

Which of the following drug classes is not recommended for the initial treatment of hypertension in the general non-Black population?

Answer 20

Beta-adrenergic blockers

Question 21

Which of the following is recommended as prophylaxis in patients at high risk of a first myocardial infarction episode?

Answer 21

Low-dose aspirin

Question 22

Which of the following agents should be considered in the initial treatment of hypertension in the general Black population, including those with diabetes?

Answer 22

Calcium-channel blockers

Question 23

A potential adverse effect associated with the use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors is:

Answer 23

Hypotension.

Question 24

Which of the following is a mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers?

Answer 24

Decreasing cardiac contractility by inhibiting calcium movement into the sarcomere (contractile unit of muscle)

Question 25

Which of the following conditions is a contraindication to thiazide diuretics?

Answer 25

Gout

Question 26

A patient with significant chronic CHF remains symptomatic despite therapy with ACE inhibitors and beta-adrenergic antagonists. Before adding digoxin, the advanced practice nurse should remember that:

Answer 26

Laxatives may potentiate hypokalemia.

Question 27

Which of the following agents should be used as an initial or add-on treatment to improve kidney outcomes in patients in the general adult population who have chronic kidney disease and hypertension regardless of race or diabetes status?

Answer 27

ACE inhibitors

Question 28

Which of the following should be the first class of drugs prescribed for a patient in decompensated, symptomatic CHF?

Answer 28

Loop diuretics

Question 29

Which of the following is an action of nitrates?

Answer 29

Vasodilating coronary arteries