Leprosy

Question 1

Leprosy

It is a/an (acute or chronic?) infectious disease caused by ________, an ________, ______ shaped bacillus.

Answer 1

chronic; M.leprae

acid fast

rod

Question 2

Leprosy

It mainly affects the ———-,___________ and mucosa of the —————- etc.,

It has left behind a terrifying image in history and human memory of _______,________, and _____________

Answer 2

skin, peripheral nerves,

respiratory tract

mutilation, rejection and exclusion from society.

Question 3

Leprosy is caused by ——————-

Answer 3

Mycobacterium leprae

Question 4

Leprosy (________ Disease)

It is mainly a _________ disease affecting: _________ nerves and mucosa of the ____________

Answer 4

Hansen’s

Granulomatous

peripheral

Question 5

Granulomatous - refers to granulomas which are lesions of __________ ___________

Answer 5

epithelioid macrophages

Question 6

Transmission of Leprosy

Risk group: children, people living in endemic areas, in poor conditions, with insufficient diet, or have a disease that compromises their immunity (ie HIV)

T/F

Answer 6

T

Question 7

Transmission of leprosy

The transmission of leprosy is thought to occur through the ________

Infected individuals discharge _____ through _______ and a healthy individual breaths them in

But it is important to note that the exact mechanism is ________

The main reservoir is ________

Answer 7

respiratory track

bacilli; their nose

not known; humans

Question 8

In the 19th century leprosy was believed to be a hereditary ailment

T/F

Answer 8

T

Question 9

The organism : mycobacterium leprae

a Gram-_______

_____cellular

(Aerobic or Anaerobic?) rod-shaped bacillus

With a ______ coating

Answer 9

positive; Intra

Aerobic; waxy

Question 10

Mycobacterium leprae

M. leprae is unable to grow in______
This is thought to be due to the fact that it ____________________________

Because of its inability to grow on agar, ______________ and _________________ are used as animal models

Answer 10

vitro

no longer has the genes needed for independent growth

nude mice and nine-banded armadillos

Question 11

Contrary to popular belief leprosy does not cause ___________________

Answer 11

body parts to simply falloff

Question 12

Bacteria Resides in (Cooler or Warmer?) Parts of the Body

Answer 12

Cooler

Question 13

Immunology: Tuberculoid leprosy

Patient’s ________ respond to M. leprae in vitro

Skin tests with ______ elicit a strong positive response

They also have a ____- type response producing interleukin-2 and intergerons-γ

These strong ____-mediated responses clear antigens, but cause __________

Answer 13

lymphocytes

lepromin

Th1; cell; local tissue destruction

Question 14

Immunology: Lepromatous leprosy

Patients also mount a normal cell mediated response to M. leprae

Patient’s lymphocytes do not respond to M. leprae in vitro

They are also responsive to lepromin

Answer 14

F. Patients in this case do not mount a normal cell mediated response to M. leprae

T. Patient’s lymphocytes do not respond to M. leprae in vitro

F. They are also unresponsive to lepromin

Question 15

Immunology: Lepromatous leprosy

They have specific _____ cell failure and _____ dysfunction, and problems producing __________ and ———— But they do produce Th__-type cytokins

Answer 15

T

macrophage

interleukin-2 and intergerons-γ

2

Question 16

Leprosy is one of the few diseases which can be eliminated

T/F

Answer 16

T

Question 17

Leprosy meets the demanding criteria for elimination

–_______ and _____ diagnostic tools
-can be diagnosed on _________

– the availability of an effective intervention to _______________: ———— therapy

– a single significant _______: ———-.

Answer 17

practical and simple

clinical signs alone

interrupt its transmission; multidrug

reservoir of infection; humans

Question 18

How to diagnose leprosy

 Examine _____
 Check for _______
 Test for ______
 Count the _________________
 Look for damage to _____

Answer 18

skin

patches

sensation

number of patches

nerves

Question 19

DIAGNOSIS OF LEPROSY

•____pigmented or _____ skin lesion(s) with definite loss of ______

•Damage to the ______, as demonstated by loss of sensation

•Weakness of the muscles of ____,______, or ______

•_________ skin smear

Answer 19

Hypo; reddish; sensation

peripheral nerves

hands, feet or face

Positive

Question 20

FLOW CHART FOR DIAGNOSIS AND CLASSIFICATION

Skin lesion and sensory loss

•____ skin lesion . —— leprosy

•_____skin lesion . _____ leprosy

•_________ lesions. ____ leprosy

Answer 20

one; SLPB

2-5; PB

more than 5 ; MB

Question 21

Diagnosis of leprosy

What doctors typically look for include:

________ of skin lesions, and _______ thickening and tenderness

_________ serological test

Answer 21

anaesthesia; peripheral nerve

There is no

Question 22

The genome of leprosy has been sequenced

T/F

Answer 22

T

Question 23

Treatment & Management of leprosy

Chemotherapy

First line drugs are ______,_______, and _____

The WHO recommends that if a patient test positive in an acid-fast skin smear they should be treated for __________

The patients ______ decides length of treatment (____-_______)

Patients tend to improve quickly with (minimal or maximal?) side-effects

Answer 23

rifampicin, dapsone, and clofazimine

multibacillary disease

bacterial load; 6-24 months

minimal

Question 24

Treatment & Management of leprosy
Chemotherapy

Second line drugs are ______ and ________

Triple –drug combinations have been used in cases where a patient has ___________

Answer 24

ofloxacin and minocycline

only a single lesion

Question 25

Treatment & Management of leprosy
Chemotherapy

Leprosy is combated with ——— therapy to reduce the chance of developing resistance

Since in the 1960’s resistance to _______ developed

Answer 25

multidrug

dapsone

Question 26

Treatment & Management of leprosy
Chemotherapy
First line drugs are _____,________, and ______

Second line drugs are ______,________

Answer 26

rifampicin, dapsone, and clofazimine

ofloxacin and minocycline