Tularemia Flashcards
(48 cards)
Tularemia is a bacterial _____\ disease of the —————-
zoonotic
northern hemisphere.
Tularemia
The bacterium (________ ————) is (mildly or highly?) virulent for _____ and a range of animals such as ——-,———, and _______
Francisella tularensis
Highly
Humans
rodents, hares and rabbits.
Tularemia
It may cause epidemics
It may cause epizootics
T/F
T
T
F. tularensis is transmitted to humans
(i) by _________
(ii) by _________ with infected animals, infectious animal tissues or fluids,
(iii) by _______ of contaminated water or food
iv) by _______ of infective aerosols.
arthropod bites,
direct contact
ingestion
inhalation
Tularemia
There is human-to-human transmission.
T/F
F
There is no human-to-human transmission.
F. tularensis subspecies _______ (type ____) is one of the most infectious pathogens known in human medicine.
tularensis
A
F. tularensis subspecies tularensis (type A)
The infective dose in humans is extremely (low or high?)
Low
The risk posed by tularaemia can be properly managed
T/F
T
provided the public health system is well prepared.
In order to avoid laboratory-associated infection, safety measures are needed and consequently clinical laboratories do not generally accept specimens of F. tularensis for culture.
T/F
T
F. tularensis causes little to no concern as a potential bioterrorism agent.
T/F
F
Great concern
Francisella Tularensis
Organisms are strict anerobes
T/F
F
Strict Aerobes
Francisella Tularensis
Organisms grow best on ———— agar at ____°C
Facultative, ____cellular bacterium that multiplies within _______
blood-glucose-cysteine
37
intra
Macrophages
Francisella Tularensis
Major target organs are the lymph nodes, lungs, pleura, spleen, liver, and kidney
T/F
T
Two subspecies of Francisella tularensis
Type A – _________
Type B— ___________ (_______)
tularensis
palaeartica
holartica
Two subspecies of Francisella tularensis
Type A –tularensis
•Most common biovar isolated in _________
•May be highly virulent in ____________
•Infectious dose of less then ____ CFU
• Mortality of _____% in untreated cutaneous disease
North America
humans and animals
10
5-6
Two subspecies of Francisella tularensis
Type B—palaeartica (holartica)
•Thought to cause ____________ in Europe and Asia
•Relatively (virulent or avirulent?)
•Mortality of less then ____% in untreated cutaneous disease
all of human tularemia
avirulent
0.5
7 Forms of Tularemia
_______
__________
________(throat)
___________(eye)
_________
_______
_________
Ulceroglandular
Glandular
Oropharyngeal
Oculoglandular
Typhoidal
Septic
Pneumonic
Transmission of Tularemia
Route : Mode :
Skin or conjunctiva
Skin
GI tract
Respiratory tract
Handling of infected animals
Bite of infected blood- sucking deer flies and wood ticks
Ingestion of improperly cooked meat or contaminated water
Aerosol inhalation
Tularaemia is reported from most countries in the ________, although its occurrence varies (a bit or widely?) from one region to another.
northern hemisphere
widely
In some countries, endemic regions with frequent outbreaks are close to regions that are completely free of tularaemia.
T/F
T
There is also a wide variation with time.
In an endemic area, tularaemia may occur annually within a 5-year period, but may also be absent for more than a decade.
T/F
T
The reasons for this temporal variation in the occurrence of outbreaks of tularemia are well understood.
T/F
F
not well understood
When, after a ______, the first case of a new outbreak of tularemia appears, the disease may be more or less ——— and is therefore _____________
long lapse
forgotten
not easily diagnosed.
Francisella Tularensis
Can Survive For Weeks
T/F
T
