Orthomyxo,paramyxovirus, rubella Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

PICORNAVIRUS

Virion:________ symmetry

Genome :______ sense, _____-stranded (DNA or RNA?) , (linear or circular?) ,

Proteins: ___-___

Envelope: (enveloped or Non-enveloped ?)

Replication: in the _____

lcosahedral

Positive

Single; RNA; linear

VP1 – VP4

Non-enveloped; Cytoplasm

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Polio virus

Polio (poliomyelitis) mainly affects children under __ years of age.

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As long as a single child remains infected, children in all countries are at risk of contracting polio.

T/F

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Transmission of polio virus

Transmission is ______
Incubation period:____ weeks (range ____ days)

faeco-oral

1 – 2

3 – 35

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Polio virus

Capsid shell of ___ subunits

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Polio virus

(Small or Large?) family of viruses which consist of Enteroviruses and Rhinoviruses.
One of the (smallest or largest?) group of viruses

Large

Smallest

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Pathogenesis of polio virus

Primary multiplication takes place in the _______ or _______

The virus first multiplies in the ____, the lymph nodes of the ____, ________ , and the _________

The CNS may then be invaded by way of the _________. Spread along axons of ________ to the CNS

Some cells that lose their function may recover completely

oropharynx or intestine.

tonsils; neck

Peyer patches; small intestine.

circulating blood; peripheral nerves

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Polio virus

Virus shedding in stool for _____weeks

6 – 8

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SYMPTOMS of polio virus
Mild disease

•Non paralytic polio can cause ___________

•Paralytic polio leads to ______ paralysis resulting from ______ motor neuron damage.

•Progressive post poliomyelitis muscle atrophy as a result of A ______ of _____ and _______ decades after their ________

aseptic meningitis

Acute flaccid ; lower

recrudescence; paralysis and muscle wasting

experience with paralytic poliomyelitis

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DIAGNOSIS of polio virus

Specimen- ______,______,____
PCR
Virus culture
Serology
_________________ surveillance

stool, throat swab, CSF

Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP)

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MANAGEMENT of polio virus
Treatment: ___________

Supportive care: ______ supplementation, ICU-________, ________ therapy, ______therapy

No specific treatment

Oxygen

ventilation

Occupational; physio

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PREVENTION of polio virus

————-,———-

AFP Surveillance, vaccines

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Oral polio vaccine

OPV also produces a _______,_________ response in the mucous membrane of the ______.
In the event of infection, these mucosal antibodies _________ inside the intestine.

local, mucosal immune

intestines; limit the replication of the wild poliovirus

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Advantages of OPV

• OPV is administered _______, hence It can be given by _____ and does not require _______ or ————

•The vaccine is relatively _______.
OPV is (safe or dangerous?) , _____, and induces (short or long?) -lasting immunity to _______ types of poliovirus.

orally; volunteers

trained health workers or sterile injection equipment.

inexpensive

safe; effective ; long; all three

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Disadvantages of OPV
• in extremely rare cases (approx. 1 in every 2.7 million first doses of the vaccine) the _____________ in OPV can ___________

In some cases it is believed that this ________________ (VAPP) may be triggered by ______________

live attenuated vaccine virus

cause paralysis.

vaccine-associated paralytic polio

immune deficiency.

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Inactivated polio vaccine

The inactivated polio vaccine produces antibodies in the blood to ____ types of poliovirus

all three

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Advantages of IPV

• As IPV is not a ‘live’ vaccine, it carries ____ risk of vaccine- associated polio paralysis.

•IPV triggers _______________ response in most people.

an excellent protective immune

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Disadvantages of IPV

• IPV induces _____ levels of immunity in the intestine. As a result, when a person immunized with IPV is infected with ____________, the virus can _________ and be _________, risking continued circulation.

•IPV is _______ times more expensive than oral polio vaccine.
Administering the vaccine requires ___________ and _________ and procedures

very low; wild poliovirus; still multiply inside the intestines ; shed in the faeces

over five

trained health workers and sterile injection equipment

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Oral polio vaccine (OPV) by _______ in 19__
Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) by _____ in 19___

Albert Sabin; 61

Jonas Salk; 55

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ORTHOMYXOVIRUS

Virion:_____ symmetry , 80 – 120nm

Genome : _____ Stranded RNA,

________ sense

Envelope: ________, containing _________ and ______

Replication: in the _______

Helical; Single

positive; Enveloped

Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase

Nucleus

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Influenza virus

Influenza A virus consist of ____ and _______ strains

human and animal

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The _______ and ______ proteins, are used to divide influenza viruses into types ___,___ , and ____

nucleocapsid (NP) and matrix (M)

A, B, and C.

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___________ in HA and NA, are used to subtype the influenza viruses. .

Antigenic variations

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15 subtypes of HA (H1–H15) and 9 subtypes of NA (N1–N9), in different combinations.
But

___ HA (_______) and ___ NA (_____) subtypes have been recovered from humans.

Four; H1–H3, H5

two; N1, N2

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Influenza A(_____) and A(______) subtypes are currently circulating among humans

H1N1 H3N2

Influenza virus •Antigenic drift Accumulation of _______ in the gene, resulting in _______ changes in the protein. Sequence changes can alter ________ on the molecule such that a virion can ___________

point mutations ; amino acid antigenic sites escape recognition by the host’s immune system

Influenza virus •Antigenic shift ______ changes in the sequence of a viral surface protein, changes that are ______ to be explained by _____. The ______ genomes of influenza viruses reassort readily in ________ cells.

Drastic too extreme ; mutation segmented; doubly infected

Influenza virus The mechanism for antigenic shift is ________ between ______ and ____ influenza viruses. Can result in a _______

genetic reassortment human and avian pandemic

Influenza B and C viruses also exhibit antigenic shift T/F

F They do not exhibit antigenic shift

Influenza Is a/an (acute or chronic?) viral infection that spreads easily from person to person.

Acute

Annual epidemics of influenza peak during _____ in _____ regions.

winter; temperate

Influenza virus spreads from person to person by _______ or by contact with ___________________

airborne droplets contaminated hands or surfaces

Clinical features of influenza ___________ tract infection •chills, headache, and dry cough followed closely by high fever, generalized _______,________, and _____ Pneumonia •May be complicated by secondary bacterial infection ______,______

Upper respiratory muscular aches, malaise, and anorexia. S. aureus, H. influenzae

Laboratory diagnosis of influenza PCR Virus culture Antigen detection using immunoflourescence assay, ELISA, Rapid test kit Serology to detect __________ in antibody titre using paired sera

4 fold rise

Treatment of influenza May reduce _______ and _______ But, Ideally they need to be administered early (within ______ of onset of symptoms)

severe complications and deaths. 48 hours

Influenza treatment •__________: oselta____ and zana____ pera_____ and lanina____ •_________: aman______ and riman___

Neuraminidase inhibitor mivir; mivir; mivir; mivir Adamantanes tadine; tadine

Prevention and control of influenza ________ viral vaccines Vaccination is for people who live with or care for high risk individuals Such as : ______ at any stage of it children aged _____ to _____ elderly individuals (≥___ years of age) individuals with ____ conditions ______ workers.

Inactivated pregnant women 6 months to 5 years 65; chronic medical health-care

Vaccine composition for influenza _______ally that targets the ______ most representative virus types in circulation, _____ subtypes of influenza __ viruses and __ — virus.

biannu 3 (trivalent) two; A One; B

Paramyxovirus ______ shape , ______, 150 nm or more in diameter (_____nucleocapsid, 13 or 18 nm) ____-stranded RNA,(linear or circular?) Segmented or non segmented?) , ________ sense, about 15 kb

Spherical; pleomorphic helical Single; linear nonsegmented; negative

Paramyxovirus Contains viral glycoprotein (___,—-, or ___) which sometimes carries ____________ activity) and ______ glycoprotein

G, H, or HN hemagglutinin or neuraminidase Fusion (F)

Paramyxovirus Replication: _____; particles bud from _____

Cytoplasm plasma membrane

Influenza virus _____ structural proteins,_____ nonstructural

Nine one

Influenza virus Influenza __ virus consist of human and animal strains

Influenza A virus consist of ____________ strains

human and animal

Influenza virus Only type __ has designated subtypes.

Influenza Viruses circulate worldwide and can affect any age group. T/F

Paramyxovirus •Contains viral glycoprotein (_____,____, or ____ ) which sometimes carries _______ or _________ activity •____ (F) glycoprotein •_____ structural proteins

G, H, or HN hemagglutinin or neuraminidase Fusion 6- 8

Classification of paramyxovirus •____virus •____virus •____virus

Respiro Rubula Morbili

Classification of paramyxovirus •Respirovirus ___________ ______________

Human Parainfluenza virus 1 Human Parainfluenza virus 3

Classification of paramyxovirus •Rubulavirus ____________ ______________ _________________

Human Parainfluenza virus 2 Human Parainfluenza virus 4 Mumps virus

Classification of paramyxovirus •Morbilivirus _______virus

Measles

Pneumoviridae Genus ___________ Genus ________

orthopneumovirus metapneumovirus

Pneumoviridae Genus orthopneumovirus –__________ virus/_________virus Genus metapneumovirus – _________________ virus

Human respiratory syncytial; human orthopneumo Human metapneumo

Rubella virus ____viridae Genus –______

Toga rubivirus

Rubella virus Has ___ invetebrate host

Rubella virus Enveloped or naked ___________ shape Spherical 20 -70nm _____ stranded ________ sense RNA or DNA

Enveloped Icosahedral Single positive RNA

RUBELLA VIRUS Formerly classified with the ——viruses, but now belong to a different class called ______viruses.

Toga; Matona

RUBELLA VIRUS TRANSMISSION: Rubella virus is spread by the ______ route among humans

respiratory

Rubella virus PATHOGENESIS Initial cytolytic infection is established in the _________, then _________, then other tissues Shedding of virions into respiratory droplets occurs during the ________ period and for as long as ______ after onset of the rash.

upper respiratory tract local lymph nodes 2-week prodromal ; 2 weeks

Rubella virus Transplacental infection in ________ women , leading to viral replication in fetal tissues and possible ______ effects

nonimmune pregnant; teratogenic

Rubella virus Antiviral antibody appears after _______ and helps limit virion spread

viremia

DISEASE OF RUBELLA Rubella (_________) _________ rubella

German measles Congenital

DISEASE OF RUBELLA Rubella (German measles) In children, disease is (benign or malignant?) , consisting of _______ and a ____________ rash that lasts _______, starting on the ____ and spreading ____ward over the ______ and ______

Benign ; swollen glands pink maculopapular; 3 days face; down trunk and extremities.

DISEASE OF RUBELLA Rubella (German measles) In adults, disease is (more or less?) severe, with ______,_______, _______ (rare), and possible postinfectious ______ due to the immune response

More arthralgia, arthritis thrombocytopenia encephalitis

DISEASE OF RUBELLA Congenital rubella Transplacental infection of fetus until the ___ week of gestation can lead to _____,_______, and ___________ . Maternal _____________ resulting from earlier infection or vaccination prevent viral spread to the placenta and fetus

20th; cataracts, mental retardation, and deafness antirubella antibodies

MANAGEMENT PREVENTION Routine immunization is done with ____________ as part of the_____ vaccine.

live attenuated virus MMR

MMR vaccine is ???

Measles Mumps Rubella

Orthomyxo,paramyxovirus, rubella Flashcards

(67 cards)