Bacterial Pneumoniae Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

Typical symptoms of pneumonia

______ pain
_______ of _____

a _____ that may produce _____ or ______

Fever
Weakness
chills

chest

shortness of breath

a cough ; yellow or green mucus

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Causative bacteria

Most bacteria resident in ______ can spread to the lungs to cause infection

__________
___________
__________
____________

throat

S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
S. aureus
S. pyogenes

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Causative organisms

Gram ________ bacteria in immunosuppressed patients

negative

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Causative organisms

Atypical organisms

___________
______________
_____________

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Legionella pneumophila

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Causative organisms

The commonest bacterium in pneumonia is _____________ followed by _____________

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Haemophilus influenzae

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S. pneumoniae

Normal flora of the _____

______ haemolytic

Gram ________ diplococci

URT

Alpha

positive

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S. pneumoniae

Causes pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis, bronchitis, bacteremia, meningitis

T/F

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S. pneumoniae

Gram positive ________

Colonies lyse in _______ or ________

diplococci

ox bile or Sodium deoxycholate

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S. pneumoniae

Resistant to optochin

T/F

Sensitive to optochin

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Bacterial pneumonia

Pathogenicity - factors

•_______ or _______

•Abnormal circulatory dynamics: _________,________

•Other mechanisms: _________, ———- anaemia, debility, hypo_____, ________

Alcohol or drug intoxication

Pulmonary congestion, heart failure

Malnutrition; sickle cell

splenism; nephrosis

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S. pneumoniae- pathogenicity

Ability to ___________

_________ prevents ingestion by ________

multiply in tissues

Capsule; phagocytosis

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S. pneumoniae- pathogenicity

Some factors predispose to disease

Abnormality of the respiratory tract caused by
•_______ infection
•_________
•respiratory tract _______ due to ______

Viral infection

Bronchial obstruction

Injury; irritants

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S. pneumoniae

____________ permits typing with specific antisera

Capsular polysaccharide

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S. pneumoniae

Capsular polysaccharide is distinct for more than _____ types

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S. pneumoniae

When mixed with specific _______________ of ____ type or ______ antiserum, the capsule _____

antipolysaccharide serum

same; polyvalent

swells

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S. pneumoniae

Quellung reaction useful for ________ and _________ of the organism in sputum or culture

rapid identification and typing

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Diagnostic lab tests for S.Pneumoniae

Specimens –________,_______
Gram stain

Quellung test (________ test) –useful for _____
Culture – _____ agar

sputum, blood

capsule swelling; rapid ID

blood

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Diagnostic lab tests for S.pneumoniae

________ test (capsule swelling test)

Culture –blood agar
_______ test
__________ test

Quellung

Optochin; Bile solubility

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S. pneumoniae -antibiotics

•_________

• __________

• _________

•__________

Penicillin G

Cephalosporins

Erythromycin

Quinolones

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S. pneumoniae -antibiotics

Penicillin G
———-

• Cephalosporins
_________,_________

• Erythromycin

Quinolones

PRSP

Ceftriaxone, ceftazidime

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Haemophilus influenzae

One of the ____bacteria

Gram ________

(Bacillus or Coccus?)

Parvo

negative

coccobacilli

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Haemophilus influenzae

Motile or Non-motile

Non-motile

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Haemophilus influenzae Is not pleomorphic

T/F

Study These Flashcards

It is

Species of Haemophilus

H._________
H._______
H.__________
H.____________

Study These Flashcards

iDAP

influenzae

ducreyi

aegyptius

parahaemolyticus

H. influenzae Capsulated or Non-capsulated? ___ types (_____-____)

Capsulated 6 A-F

H. influenzae Type ___ responsible for >90% of infections Requires ___ and _____ factors

b X and V

H. influenzae X - _________, V – ______________________________

haemin nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

________ differentiates H. influenzae from other species

Requirement of factor X and V

H. influenzae Diseases in children ____ to ________

5 months to 5 years

Lab detection of Haemophilus influenzae Gram reaction – Gram ______ ———- _____ Culture – _______ agar (contains ____ and ___ )

negative pleomorphic coccobacilli chocolate; X & V

Lab detection of Haemophilus influenzae Further identification tests – rely on __________ for ______________

requirement for X & V factors

Lab detection of Haemophilus influenzae Further identification tests _________ agar with discs containing X & V factors __________

Mueller- Hinton Satelitism

Satellitism ————— produces ____ as a metabolic by product which diffuses into the surrounding medium and enhances growth of _______ in the proximity of the __________ _____ agar provides _____ The phenomenon is known as Satellitism.

Staphylococcus aureus ; NAD Haemophilus; Staphylococcus colony. Blood; hemin

Haemophilus influenzae Treatment – __________,___________ Prevention – ____________(______) vaccine

ampicillin, chloramphenicol polysaccharide protein (conjugate)

___________ was documented as very valuable in the initial evaluation of bacterial pneumonia.

Gram staining

___________ tests especially ____________ canhelp rule out viral infections.

Antigen detection immunofluorescence

Bacterial infections of the _____ respiratory tract system are less common than those of the _____ system.

lower upper

Organisms are usually stopped by the body defenses at the portal of entry. T/F

___RTIs are generally much more serious.

Pneumonia –________ disease of the lung in which ______________ Transmission is from ____________ via __________

inflammatory fluid fills the alveoli. person to person respiratory droplets.

ROUTES OF INFECTION _________ ~ ________ secretions ___________ ___________ spread (embolic) ___________

Microaspiration; oropharyngeal Gross aspiration Haematogenous Aerosolization

ROUTES OF INFECTION _____________ ~ Most common route ———— aspiration is by Anaerobes _________ spread by Staph

Microaspiration Gross Haematogenous

Classifications Based on pathology –_____ pneumonia – ______pneumonia –_______ pneumonia – ______ pneumonia

Lobar Broncho Interstitial Militar

___________________ (VAP)

Ventilator associated pneumonia

It is considered a Nosocomial pneumonia if the patient gets it after staying in the hospital for ??

Atleast 48 hours

It is considered a Ventilator associated pneumonia if the patient gets it after being under a ventilator for ??

Atleast 48 hours

Community – Acquired (Acute Typical Pneumonia) List 6

Streptococcus pneumonia Haemophilus influenza Moraxella catarrhalis Staphylococcus aureus Legionella pneumophilia Enterobacteriaceae (klebsiella sp.)

Pneumococcal pneumonia Pneumococci are an important cause of pneumonia. T/F

Pneumococcal pneumonia It accounts for about for high incidence in children younger than _____ and adults older than _____ M

2 years 65 years.

Pneumococcal pneumonia Mortality is highest in (younger or older ?) (children or adults.?)

Older Adults

Streptococcus pneumoniae Gram ———- ——— shaped _______ arranged in pairs

positive lancet diplococci

Treatment of S.pneumoniae _____ generation _______ especially for resistant strains.

3rd cephalosporin

Pneumococcal vaccine ____ vaccines protection against invasive pneumococcal infection.

Two

Pneumococcal vaccine Two vaccines protection against invasive pneumococcal infection. Pneumococcal ____________ vaccine (PCV ___), ___ capsular serotypes for ______. ____________________ vaccine (PPSV____) for _______.

polysaccharide protein conjugate ; 13; 13 children 23-valent polysaccharide; 23; adults

Klebsiella pneumoniae cause of primary pneumonia in ____ people that are already _____________

older suffering from other illnesses such as chronic bronchitis, diabetes, alcoholism, COPD.

Bacterial Pneumoniae Flashcards

(55 cards)