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House Microbiology > Sexually Transmitted Infections > Flashcards

Sexually Transmitted Infections Flashcards

1
Q

STI

Infections that can be transmitted through ______________

• May be caused by a ______,______,_______ , or other organism

• Some are curable, some are not
• Left untreated, STIs can cause _____, _______, _______, ______ defects, and sometimes, _____

• STIs are very (common or rare?)

A

sexual activity

bacteria, virus, fungus

pain, sickness

infertility, birth defects

death

common

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2
Q

You can have more than one STI at a time

T/F

A

T

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3
Q

you can get the same STI more than once

T/F

A

T

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4
Q

STI

Some are curable, some are not

T/F

A

T

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5
Q

Incidence of STIs

Startling statistics
–~1/2 of the STIs diagnosed annually in the US occur among people under _____

– Approximately ________ teenagers are infected w/STIs each year
– 25% of U.S. population > 1 STI by age ____
– Largest proportion of AIDS cases infected in ______ or ________

A

25

3 million

35

teens or 20s

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6
Q

Factors contributing to high rates of STIs

Main reason: _________________ and _____________ –especially prevalent behavior in ________ and ________
• Use of oral contraceptive
• ______ access to health care
• Failure of doctors to ___________________________________________________
• Some diseases have ___________________
• _____________ to partner
• Lack of _____________
•_________ education - immortality

A

multiple sexual partners ; unprotected sex

adolescence ; early adulthood

Limited access ; not ask questions about patients’ sexual behaviors

no obvious symptoms; Difficulty talking

contact tracing; Poor sex

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7
Q

Bacterial infections
• __________
• __________
•__________ __________(NGU)
• __________
•__________

A

Chlamydia
• Gonorrhea
•Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)
• Syphilis
•Bacterial vaginosis

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8
Q

Chlamydia

Caused by: bacterium _________ ________ that infects the _________ system

Transmission: primarily _________-_________, ______-_______, ______-______, or _______-_______ contact; can also be spread by _________ from one body site to another.

A

Chlamydia trachomatis ;urogenital system

penile-vaginal
oral-genital
oral-anal
genital-anal

fingers

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9
Q

Chlamydia

Symptoms:
– In majority of cases, _____!

– if present:
•Women: mild ________ or ________, ________ urination, slight vaginal ________

•Men: ________ discharge, ________ urination

A

irritation ; itching

burning ;discharge

urethral ; burning urination

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10
Q

The most common bacterial STI is ???

A

Chlamydia

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11
Q

Chlamydia

Consequences if left untreated:
• Women: __________________________ disease (PID)

– Bacterial infection spreads from ______ up into ________ , __________, and possibly _________.

Symptoms of PID include disrupted _________ , _________ pain, _________ pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and headache.

Even after treatment, _________ from PID can block fallopian tubes and cause _________ or _________ pregnancy (very dangerous)

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease

cervix ; uterine lining

fallopian tubes ; ovaries.

menstruation ; chronic pelvic ; lower back

scar tissue ; infertility

ectopic

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12
Q

Chlamydia

Consequences if left untreated:

• Men: _________ (infection of the _________) or _________ (infection of the _________)

Symptoms of epididymitis: _________ in testis; (small or large?) , (soft or hard?) , (painful or painless?) swelling in testis; _________ scrotum

Symptoms of urethritis: penile _________, _________ urination

A

epididymitis ; epididymis

urethritis ; urethral tube)

heaviness ; small

hard; painful

inflamed; discharge, burning

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13
Q

Chlamydia

Consequences if left untreated,
• Trachoma:
– a/an (acute or chronic?) , (contagious or non-contagious ?) form of _________ caused by chlamydia infection.

World’s leading cause of _________ _________.

Common cause of ______ infections in newborns, who can become infected as they __________________

A

chronic ; contagious

conjunctivitis ; preventable blindness.

eye ; pass through birth canal.

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14
Q

Chlamydia

Consequences if left untreated

• Consequences for babies born to infected mothers:

– Babies of infected mothers can also develop __________ caused by chlamydia infection
– Chlamydia infection can lead to _______________

A

pneumonia

premature delivery

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15
Q

Chlamydia

Treatment:
• ___-day treatment of ______, or one dose of ________
• All exposed sexual partners should be treated

A

7

doxycycline

azithromycin

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16
Q

Gonorrhea
Caused by: bacterium ________ _______

Transmission: ________-________, ________-________, ________- ________, or ________-________ contact

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

penile-vaginal
oral-genital
oral- anal
genital-anal

17
Q

Gonorrhea

Symptoms:
– Male early symptoms:
•____-smelling, _______ penile discharge,
•_______ urination
•symptoms may _______, but does not necessarily mean ______________

– Female early symptoms: •usually go _______
•_______ cervix, _______ discharge
•_______ urination

A

foul ; cloudy

burning ; clear up

bacteria are gone; undetected

inflamed ; mild ; burning urination

18
Q

Gonorrhea

Consequences if left untreated:

• Men: prostate ______, painful _______, _______ urination, possible _______ due to _______ in _______ after _______

A

abcesses; BMs

difficult ; sterility

scar tissue ; epididymis

epididymitis

19
Q

Gonorrhea
Consequences if left untreated:

• Women: _____ (often (more or less?) severe than w/chlamydia infection), ______ pregnancy, _________ pain due to ________ adhesions across pelvis

A

PID ; more

ectopic ; severe pelvic

Scar-tissue

20
Q

Gonorrhea
Consequences if left untreated:

• Both sexes: can enter ________ and spread throughout body in ~___% of cases, causing fever, loss of ______, ______ pain, can invade ____,_____,______

– Can cause _______ in infants (due to ________)

A

bloodstream

2% ; appetite

arthritic ; heart

liver ; CNS

blindness ; conjunctivitis

21
Q

Gonorrhea Treatment:
• _____ therapy of _____ antibiotic regimens
• Often, ________ infections accompany Gonorrhea infection–____ therapy will treat both infections
• ________ bacteria require special treatment
• All exposed sexual partners should be treated

A

Dual ;two

chlamydia ;dual

Resistant

22
Q

Nongonococcal Urethritis

Any urethral inflammation not caused by ___________
– Main infecting organisms: ___________ ___________ and ___________ ___________

– Can also result from other infectious agents, ___________ reactions to vaginal secretions, or ___________ from soaps, contraceptives, or deodorant sprays

A

gonorrhea

Chlamydia trachomatis

Mycoplasma genitalium

allergic ; irritation

23
Q

Nongonococcal Urethritis

Prevalence: quite common in (men or women?) ; symptoms in (men or women?) are usually undetected

Transmission: mainly through ___________ coitus

A

Men ; women

penile-vaginal

24
Q

Nongonococcal Urethritis

Symptoms:
– Men: penile ________, _______ urination

– Women: frequently, ____ symptoms; may have mild ______, _______ urination, vaginal discharge of _______

A

discharge ; burning

no ; itching

burning ;pus

25
Q

Nongonococcal Urethritis

Consequences if left untreated:
• Men: can spread to ________, _________, or both

• Women: _______ inflammation, _______

A

prostate ; epididymis

cervial ; PID

26
Q

Nongonococcal Urethritis

Treatment:
• 7-day treatment of ________, or one dose of ________
• All exposed sexual partners should be treated

A

doxycycline

azithromycin

27
Q

Syphilis

Caused by: bacterium _______ ________

Transmission: _______-_______, _______-_______, _______-_______, or _______-_______ contact

A

Treponema pallidium

penile-vaginal
oral-genital
oral-anal
genital-anal contact

28
Q

Syphilis

Symptoms:
–Primary syphilis: (Single or multiple?) , (painful or painless?) sore (______)

– Women: on _____ vaginal walls or cervix, sometimes on _______
– Men: _______ of _______, penile _______, or _______

– Can also occur on _______ or _______ (infected orally) or in _______/_______ (infected through anal intercourse)

A

Single ; painless

Chancre ; inner

labia; glans of penis

penile shaft ; scrotum

lips or tongue

rectum/anus

29
Q

Syphilis
Symptoms

– Secondary syphilis: skin _________ ,
– often on _________, _________
•Severity can vary from barely noticable to severe
•Does not _________ or _________

•Person may feel _________-like symptoms
•If not treated, symptoms will _________, but disease is _________

A

rash; palms

soles of feet

hurt or itch

flu ; subside

eliminated

30
Q

Syphilis : symptoms

– Latent syphilis: _______ symptoms; no longer contagious after _______ of latent stage (except _______ to _______–at all stages)

– Tertiary syphilis: _______ symptoms anywhere–such as _______ failure, _______, _______, _______ damage, _______ disturbance, _______

A

no ; 1 year

pregnant woman to fetus

severe ;heart

blindness; paralysis

liver ; mental

death

31
Q

Syphilis

Treatment:
• Primary, secondary, or latent syphilis (< 1yr) early cases treated with ______ _______ ___ or other antibiotic
• All exposed sexual partners should be treated
• Treated patients need blood tests at ___-month intervals to make sure they are free of bacterium
• To prevent birth defects, death to fetus, it is recommended that all pregnant women are tested for syphilis at ____ prenatal visit

A

benzathine penicillin G

3-month

first prenatal visit

32
Q

Granuloma inguinale
Granuloma inguinale is a progressive infection of ________ and ________ caused by ________ (formerly ________) ________.

The disease is characterized by (slowly or rapidly ?) progressive ________

A

genital and perineal skin

klebsiella; calymmatobacterium

granulomatis ; slowly

skin lesions

33
Q

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS of Granuloma inguinale

Sites of infection are
•Penis, scrotum, groin, and ______ in men
•Vulva, vagina, and ______ in women
•______ and ______ in patients who engage in anal-receptive intercourse
•_____ in both sexes
•After an incubation period of about ___ to _______ , a ( painful or painless?) , ____ skin nodule slowly _______, becoming a (raised or flattened?) , beefy red, moist,

A

thighs ; perineum

Anus ; buttocks

Face ; 1 to 12 weeks

painless; red

enlarges ; raised

34
Q

Diagnosis of granuloma inguinale

Microscopic examination showing ___________ in fluid from a lesion

Granuloma inguinale is suspected in patients from endemic areas with characteristic lesions.
Diagnosis of granuloma inguinale is confirmed ___________ by the presence of ___________

A

donovan bodies

microscopically

donovan

House Microbiology (93 decks)

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