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MCAT Pysch/Soc > Identity and Personality > Flashcards

Identity and Personality Flashcards

1
Q

Self-concept & identity

self-concept

A

the sum of ways we describe ourselves

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2
Q

Self-concept & identity

self-esteem

A

the closure our actual self is to our ideal self and our ought self (who others want us to be)

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3
Q

Self-concept & identity

self-efficacy

A

the degree to which we see ourselves as being capable at a given skill or situation

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4
Q

Self-concept & identity

learned helplessness

A

a state of hopelessness that results from being unable to avoid repeated negative stimuli

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5
Q

Self-concept & identity

internal locus of control

A

we control our own success/failure

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6
Q

Self-concept & identity

external locus of control

A

outside factors have more control

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7
Q

formation of identity

Freud’s Pyschosexual stages

A
  • based on tensions cause by the libido
  • failure at any stage leafs to fixations which causes personality disorder
  • stages:
  • oral: 0 - 1
  • anal: 1 - 3
  • phallic: 3 - 6
  • latent: 6 - puberty
  • genital: puberty - adult
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8
Q

formation of identity

erikson’s stages

A
  1. trust vs. mistrust (0 - 1)
  2. autonomy vs. shame (1- 3)
  3. intiative vs. guilt (3 - 6)
  4. industry vs. inferiority (6 - 12)
  5. indentity vs. role confusion (12 - 20)
  6. intimacy vs. isolation (20 - 40)
  7. generativity vs. stagnation (40 - 65)
  8. integrity vs. despair (65+)
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9
Q

formation of identity

kholberg’s stages

A
  • stages based on moral dilemmas
  • 6 stages in 3 phases (pre-conventional, conventional, post-convential)
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10
Q

formation of identity

vgotsky

A

zone of proximal development

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11
Q

formation of identity

zone of proximal development

A

the skills that a child has not yet mastered and require a more knowledgeable other to accomplish

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12
Q

formation of identity

imitation & role-taking

A

common ways children learn from others

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13
Q

formation of identity

reference group

A

the group to which we compare ourselves

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14
Q

personality

psychoanalytics perspective

A

personality results from unconscious urges & desires

freud, jung, adler, and horney

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15
Q

personality

Freud’s theory

A

Id, superego, ego

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16
Q

personality

Id

A

base urge of survival and reproduction

unconscious level

17
Q

personality

superego

A

the idealist and perfectionist

preconscious level

18
Q

personality

ego

A
  • mediator between the two and the conscious mind
  • the ego uses defense mechanisms to decrease stress

conscious + preconscious + unconscious level

19
Q

personality

Jung

A
  • collective unconscious links all humans together
  • personality is influenced by archetypes
20
Q

personality

adler & horney

A

unconscious is motivated by social urges

21
Q

personality

humanistic perspective

A
  • emphasizes the internal feelings of healthy individuals as they strive for happiness and self-realization
  • maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Roger’s unconditional positive regard flow from the humanistic view of personality
22
Q

personality

type & trait theory

A

personality can be described by identifiable traits that carry characteristic behaviors

23
Q

personality

type theories

A
  • ancient greek humors
  • sheldon’s somatotypes
  • divisions into Type A and Type B
  • Myers-Briggs Type Inventory
24
Q

personality

trait theories

A
  • PEN
  • Big Five
  • 3 Basic traits
25
Q

personality

PEN

A
  • psychoticism (nonconformity)
  • extraversion (sociable)
  • neuroticism (arousal in stressful situations)
26
Q

personality

Big five

A
  • openness
  • conscientiousness
  • extraversion
  • agreeableness
  • neuroticisim

OCEAN

27
Q

personality

3 Basic traits

A
  • cardinal traits: traits around which a person organizes their life
  • central traits: major characteristics of personaliy
  • secondary traits: more personal characteristics and limited in occurrence
28
Q

personality

social cognitive perspective

A
  • emphasizes cognitive processes in development of personality
  • the cognitive processes contribute to learned behaviors

ex) judging and thinking

29
Q

personality

behavorist approach

A
  • individual’s actions are responses to external stimuli (environment), driven by outcomes
  • outcomes, not cognitions = the drives behind an individual’s choices and behaviors
30
Q

personality

biological perspective

A

behavior can be explained as a result of genetic expression

31
Q

dispositional factors

A

internal traits or characteristics of an individual that influence their behavior.

32
Q

situational factors

A

external factors or circumstances that influence an individual’s behavior

MCAT Pysch/Soc (12 decks)

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