Social Thinking

Question 1

interpersonal attraction

Answer 1

• what makes people like each other
• influenced by physical attractiveness, similarity of thoughts and physical traits, self-disclosure, reciprocity, & proximity

Question 2

aggression

Answer 2

a physical, verbal, or nonverbal behavior with the intention to cause harm or increase social dominance

Question 3

attachment

Answer 3

• an emotional bond to another person
• usually refers to the bond between a child and caregiver

Question 4

secure attachment

Answer 4

• requires a consistent caregiver
• child shows a strong preference for the caregiver compared to strangers

Question 5

avoidant attachment

Answer 5

• occurs when a caregiver has little or no response to a distressed child
• child shows no preference for the caregiver compared to strangers

Question 6

ambivalent attachement

Answer 6

• occurs when a caregiver has an inconsistent response to a child’s distress, sometimes responding appropriately, sometimes neglectful
• child will become distressed when caregiver leaves and is ambivalent when he or she returns

Question 7

disorganized attachment

Answer 7

• occurs when a caregiver is erratic or abusive
• the child shows no clear pattern of behavior in response to the caregiver’s absence or presence

Question 8

social support

Answer 8

the perception or reality that one is cared for by a social network

Question 9

emotional support

Answer 9

listening to, affirming, and emphasizing with someone’s feelings

Question 10

esteem support

Answer 10

affirms the qualities and skills of the person

Question 11

material support

Answer 11

providing physical or monetary support

Question 12

informational support

Answer 12

providing useful information to a person

Question 13

network support

Answer 13

providing a sense to belonging to a person

Question 14

foraging

Answer 14

searching for and exploiting food resources

Question 15

mating system

Answer 15

describes the way in which a group is organized in terms of sexual behavior

Question 16

altruism

Answer 16

a helping behavior in which the person’s intent is to benefit someone else at some cost to him or herself

Question 17

game theory

Answer 17

attempts to explain decision making between individuals as if they are participating in a game

Question 18

inclusive fitness

Answer 18

a measure of an organism’s success in the population based on how well it propagates its own genes

Question 19

social perception

Answer 19

• the way by which we generate impressions about people in our social environment
• it contains a perciever, target, and situation

Question 20

social capital

Answer 20

the practice of developing and maintaining relationships that form social networks willing to help each other

Question 21

implicit personality theory

Answer 21

when we look at somebody for the first time, we pick up on one of their characteristics and assume other traits about the person based off of that one characteristic we first picked up on

Question 22

attribution theory

Answer 22

focuses on the tendency for individuals to infer the causes of other people’s behavior

Question 23

dispositional

Answer 23

• internal
• causes of a behavior are internal

Question 24

situational

Answer 24

• external
• surroundings or context cause behavior

Question 25

correspondent inference theory

Answer 25

• focuses on the intentionality of a person’s behavior
• when someone unexpectedly does something that either helps or hurts us, we form a dispositional attribution
• we correlate the action to the person’s personality

Question 26

fundamental attribution error

Answer 26

the bias toward making dispositional attributions rather than situational attributions in regards to the actions of others

Question 27

attribution substitution

Answer 27

occurs when individuals must make judgements that are complex but instead substitute a simpler solution or heuristic

Question 28

actor-observer bias

Answer 28

tendency to attribute your own actions to external causes and others’ actions to dispositional causes

Question 29

self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 29

when stereotypes lead to expectations and those expectations create conditions that lead to confirmation of the stereotype

Question 30

stereotype threat

Answer 30

concern or anxiety about confirming a negative stereotype about one’s social group

Question 31

cultural relativism

Answer 31

refers to the recognition that social groups and cultures should be studied on their own terms

Question 32

base rate fallacy

Answer 32

the error people make when they ignore the base rates (i.e., prior probabilities) when evaluating the probabilities (or frequencies) of events

Question 33

hindsight bias

Answer 33

• “I knew all along”
• refers to the tendency for a person to overestimate how well he or she could have successfully predicted a known outcome

Question 34

observer bias

Answer 34

• happens when a researcher’s expectations, opinions, or prejudices influence what they perceive or record in a study
• results are skewed when the observer’s knowledge of the experiment or participant influences the outcome

Question 35

hawthorne effect

Answer 35

modifying behavior when having knowledge of being observed