Social Structure & Demographics

Question 1

functionalism

Answer 1

focuses on the function of each part of society

Question 2

manifest functions

Answer 2

deliberate actions that serve to help a given system

Question 3

latent functions

Answer 3

unexpected, unintended, or unrecognized consequences of manifest actions

Question 4

conflict theory

Answer 4

• karl marx
• how power differentials are created and contribute to maintaining social order
• explains how groups compete for resources to attain power or superiority

Question 5

conflict sociology

Answer 5

the study of the way that distinct groups compete for resources

Question 6

symbolic interactionism

Answer 6

• the study of the ways individuals interact through a shared understanding of words, gestures, and other symbols
• the “meaning” of social symbols

Question 7

microsociology

Answer 7

the study of expressions, symbolic gesturres, and other small, individual components of a society

Question 8

social constructionism

Answer 8

• explores the ways in which individuals and groups make decisions to agree upon a given social reality
• the “value” they place on certain social constructs
• social constructivism focuses on altering the constructed view

Question 9

rational choice theory

Answer 9

• individuals will make decisions that maximize benefit and minimize harm
• expectancy theory applies rational choice theory within groups

Question 10

social institutions

Answer 10

well-established social structures that dictate certain patterns of behavior or relationships

Question 11

demographic transition

Answer 11

model used to represent drops in birth and death rates as a result of industrialization

Question 12

social movements

Answer 12

organized to either promote

Question 13

demographic transition

Answer 13

model used to represent drops in birth and death rates as a result of industrialization

Question 14

demographic transition

Answer 14

model used to represent drops in birth and death rates as a result of industrialization

Question 15

demographic transition

Answer 15

model used to represent drops in birth and death rates as a result of industrialization

Question 16

glass escalator concept

Answer 16

men who pursue occupations that have high proportions of women (such as teaching or nursing) will quickly ascend the career ladder with promotions.