14 - GI Anatomy and Histology Flashcards Preview

Question 1

1

Motility

Answer

Movements of the bowel that influence the transport of luminal contents

Question 2

2

Ingestion

Answer

Act of taking food into the mouth

Question 3

3

Mastication

Answer

Chewing food and moistening it with saliva

Question 4

4

Deglutition

Answer

Swallowing

Question 5

5

Peristalsis

Answer

Oral contraction and anal relaxation, which is propulsive

Question 6

6

Secretion

Answer

Exocrine to lumen of gut, endocrine to blood

Question 7

7

Digestion

Answer

Breakdown of ingested macromolecules into absorbable smaller subunits

Question 8

8

Absorption

Answer

Transport of end products of digestion to blood and/or lymph

Question 9

9

Storage

Answer

Temporary holding of ingested contents

Question 10

10

Elimination

Answer

Getting rid of indigestible material

Question 11

11

Sphincters of the gut

Answer

Upper Esophageal
Lower Esophageal
Pyloric
Iliocecal
Internal Anal
External Anal

Question 12

12

Gut Wall - Luminal

Answer

Mucosa:
Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosa

Question 13

13

Gut Wall - Middle Layer

Answer

Submucosa:
Submucosal plexus

Question 14

14

Gut Wall - Basal

Answer

Muscularis Externa:
Inner circular muscle
Outer longitudinal muscle
Myenteric Plexus

Question 15

15

Gut Wall - Non-retroperitoneal parts

Answer

Adventitia:
Serosa

Question 16

16

Esophagus - To resist abrasion

Answer

Stratified squamous nonkeritanized epithelium

Question 17

17

Stomach - To digest

Answer

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 18

18

Basic plan of the gut wall layers (illustrated by esophagus)

Answer

Stratified squamous nonkeritanized epithelium (to resist abrasion)
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosa (express lymph and fluid from the fluid in the lamina propria) - contains fenestrated blood vessels, the most permeable in the body.
Muscularis externa: Inner circulate & outer longitudinal

Question 19

19

Upper esophagus - Muscularis externa

Answer

Mostly striated

Question 20

20

Middle esophagus - Muscularis externa

Answer

Mix of striated and smooth

Question 21

21

Lower esophagus - Muscularis externa

Answer

Mostly smooth

Question 22

22

Regions of the stomach

Answer

Lower esophageal sphincter
Fundus
Body
Antrum
Pylorus
Duodenum

Also split into Orad and Caudad region, about halfway through the body.

Question 23

23

Fundic region

Answer

Rises above the entrance of the esophagus.
Contains air very often.

Question 24

24

Body/corpus

Answer

Large region into which food is delivered.

Question 25

25

Antrum

Answer

Different
Separated from duodenum by pyloric sphincter.

Question 26

26

Oxyntic region of the stomach

Answer

Corpus + Fundus
Makes HCl
Makes pepsinogen
Contains parietal cells
Contains chief cells

Question 27

27

Parietal Cells

Answer

Make HCl
Make Intrinsic Factor

Question 28

28

Chief Cells

Answer

Make Pepsinogen

Question 29

29

HCl

Acid!

Answer

The one component made by stomach completely vital for health.

Need it to digest Vitamin B12. Without IF, you get pernicious anemia and demyelination of the spinal cord. B12 deficiency.

Question 30

30

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