Chapter 11: Mottivation And Emotion (2A)

Question 1

What is motivation?

Answer 1

Any internal process or condition that directs behaviour

Question 2

What is motive?

Answer 2

A need or desire

Question 3

What is the instinct theory?

Answer 3

Peoples are motivated by their biological (innate) instincts

Question 4

What are instincts?

Answer 4

Inborn behavioural tendencies, activated by stimuli in our environments EX: newborn reflexes

Question 5

What is the drive reduction theory?

Answer 5

Belief that a physiological need creates an aroused state that drives (motivates) us to reduce that need. restores balance or equilibrium - HOMEOSTASIS.

Question 6

What is the arousal theory?

Answer 6

We are motivated to peruse an optimum level of stimulation.
- Some motivated behaviours increase arousal.
- Some motivated behaviours decrease arousal.

Question 7

What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law?

Answer 7

Ideal performance on task occurs when the arousal level is optimized

Question 8

What is intrinsic motivation?

Answer 8

Engaging in behaviour simply for the satisfaction that is a part of doing it

Question 9

What is extrinsic motivation?

Answer 9

Engaging in behaviour due to the influence of factors outside ourselves

Question 10

What are incentives?

Answer 10

External motives that indirectly indicate reward

Question 11

What are primary incentives?

Answer 11

rewards (food) or punishments (pain) that are innate .

Question 12

What are Secondary incentives?

Answer 12

Cues that are veiled as rewarding as a result of learning about their association with other events (work for money)

Question 13

What are physiological needs?

Answer 13

Hunger, thirst, and maintenance of internal state of the body

Question 14

What are safety needs?

Answer 14

To feel secure and safe, to seek pleasure and avoid pain

Question 15

What are belonging and love needs?

Answer 15

To affiliate with others, be accepted and give and receive attention

Question 16

What are esteem needs?

Answer 16

To achieve to compensating, to gain approval, and to excel

Question 17

What are self-actualization needs?

Answer 17

To find self-fulfilment and realize ones potential

Question 18

Describe the biological motivation of thirst?

Answer 18

We lose water throughout the day, it is critical for survival. We are motivated to drink to:
1. Maintain the volume in our bodies
2. Maintain the ions-to-water balance inside our cells

Question 19

What are gastrointestinal signals?

Answer 19

Empty stomach and levels of nutrients in our bloodstream

Question 20

What are chemical signals?

Answer 20

Levels of glucose (blood sugar), lipids (produced wheat he body breaks down from fats form food), and Leptin (realized from fat cells as they grow)

Question 21

What is the LH and what ones it signal?

Answer 21

LH is the lateral hypothalamus in the brain that signals hunger and thirst

Question 22

What is dual-centre theory of motivation?

Answer 22

Activity in one area serves to inhibit that area and serves the opposite function

Question 23

What is Prader-Willi syndrome?

Answer 23

It causes an unstoppable appetite, which is related to hypothalamus dysfunction

Question 24

What is body weight set point?

Answer 24

A weight that individuals typically return to even after dieting or overeating. Permanent eating and exercise changes as well as monitoring weight override set point controls.

Question 25

What is obesity?

Answer 25

It is when body mass index is higher than 30

Question 26

What is body mass index

Answer 26

It is the weight to heigh ratio

Question 27

What are some causes of obesity?

Answer 27

• Genetics
• Environmental/social - socioeconomic status, portion sizes, social eating, social circle
• Psychological - self-regulation

Question 28

Describe anorexia nervosa?

Answer 28

• Preoccupied with becoming or being fat
• Distorted body image of being overweight
• Extreme dieting and dangerous weight loss
• May result in death (10% of cases)
• More common in females
• Affects 1 in 300 young women in Canada

Question 29

What are some treatments to Anorexia Nervosa?

Answer 29

• Cognitive-behavioural therapy
• Nutritional counselling
• Hospitalization
• Family therapy

Question 30

Describe Bulimia Nervosa?

Answer 30

• Induce vomiting
• Cycle of binging and purging
• Use laxatives
• Exercise excessively
• May result in mental and dental problems
• Secretive and ashamed about binder and purge behaviour
• Do not appear to be underweight
• More common in females
• Affects 1 out of 100 young women in Canada

Question 31

What are some associations with Bulima?

Answer 31

• Obsessive compulsiveness
• Anxiety and depression
• Self-harming behaviours

Question 32

What are some treatments for Bulimia?

Answer 32

• Behaviour modification
• Reward healthy behaviour
• Cognitive therapy
• Dvelop healthier views of self and of eating
• Antidepressant and other drug treatments

Question 33

Describe binge eating disorders?

Answer 33

• Out-of-control eating of large amount of food at one time
• Multiple times per week over months or years
• Psychological distress, negative emotional states
• Loss of control over food/inability to stop eating
• more common in women and those who are obese
• eating is done quickly and when full
• Done alone and with self loathing and shame

Question 34

What are some treatments for Binge eating?

Answer 34

• Cognitive behaviour therapy
• Antidepressant drugs