Chapter 13: Social Psychology (4B)

Question 1

What is an attribution?

Answer 1

Casual explanations of the behaviour

Question 2

What is di spositional (internal) attribution

Answer 2

The behaviour was caused because of the person

Question 3

What is situational (external) attribution?

Answer 3

The behaviour was caused by the situation

Question 4

What is the fundamental attribution error?

Answer 4

The tendency to use dispositional attributions to explain the behaviour of other people

Question 5

What is the actor-observer effect?

Answer 5

We tend to make situational attributions about our behaviour and personal attributions about the behaviour of others

Question 6

What is the self serving bias?

Answer 6

The tendency to attribute successes to internal causes and faculties to external ones
EX: doing good or bad on a quiz

Question 7

What are norms?

Answer 7

Social rules about how members of a society are excepted to act; provide order and predictability

Question 8

What are descriptive norms?

Answer 8

agree-on expectations about what members of a group do

Question 9

What are injunctive norms?

Answer 9

Agreed-on expectations about what members of a group ought to do

Question 10

What is a social role?

Answer 10

A set of norms ascribed to a person’s social position: expectations and duties associated with the individual’s position in the family, at work, in the community, and in other settings.

Question 11

What is conformity?

Answer 11

The tendency to yield social pressure
Card A vs Card B lines

Question 12

What did the Asch studies conclude?

Answer 12

• key factor is group unanimity
• size of the group and number of choices affects influence
• he found that the conformity effect is not strong when the group’s size is less that four numbers

Question 13

What is the connection between individualistic cultures and conformity?

Answer 13

People in individualistic cultures often consider conformity to be a bad thing. Typically, members of this kind of culture want to stand out and be different, i.e, to have their own identity

Question 14

What is the connection between collectivist cultures and conformity?

Answer 14

Collectivist cultures usually value fitting in with other people. They see virtue in conforming to social norms and view conformity its as an indication of maturity, respect for others and appropriate self-control.

Question 15

What is obedience?

Answer 15

The act of following direct commands, unusually given by an authority figure

Question 16

What were some factors that reduced obedience in milligrams shock study?

Answer 16

• if the co-teacher reused to be obedient
• the victims suffering
• the look on the victim’s face with each successive shock
• proximity to the victim