Chapter 15: Disorders (6A)

Question 1

What is abnormal psychology?

Answer 1

The scientific study of psychological disorders

Question 2

What are the four key features of psychological dysfunction?

Answer 2

Deviance - emotions that deviate (stray away from) from the beliefs of society
Distress - behaviours, ideas, and emotions usually must also cause distress or unhappiness.
Dysfunction - Behaviours that inter fear with daily functioning
Danger - often times they are more likely to be dangerous to themselves rather than other.

Question 3

What is eccentric?

Answer 3

Eccentric is when an individual deviates from common behaviour patterns or displays odd behaviour but they do not suffer from psychological disorders. Eccentricity is chosen while mental health disorders not.

Question 4

What is the international classification of diseases?

Answer 4

It is a system used by most countries to classify psychological disorders. It was published by the World Health Organization

Question 5

What is the diagnostic and statistical Manuel of mental disorders?

Answer 5

Manuel used to diagnose mental disorders in Canada. It provides a categorical list of symptoms or over 200 mental disorders

Question 6

What is a diagnosis?

Answer 6

A clinician’s determination that a persons cluster systems represent a particular disorder

Question 7

What is comorbidity?

Answer 7

The condition in which a person’s symptoms qualify him or her for two or more diagnosis

Question 8

What is a neurdevelopmental disorder?

Answer 8

Disorders with their onset in the developmental period before the child enters grade school; usually involve impairments in personal, social, or academic functioning.

Question 9

What are Neurocognitive disorders?

Answer 9

Disorders where the primary clinical deficit is cognitive function. The deficit reflects a decrease from previous state of functioning

Question 10

What are substance related and addictive disorders?

Answer 10

Disorders that involve the activation of reward anyways and reward systems due to sub ante use or induced by substances; also includes gambling disorder

Question 11

What is schizophrenia-spectrum and other psychotic disorders?

Answer 11

Disorders defined by abnormalities in the form of delusions, disordered thoughts or behaviours, or negative symptoms such as avoliation(lack of motivation) or loss of communication ability

Question 12

What is depressive disorders?

Answer 12

The prices of sad, empty, or irritable mood that typically goes along with food or cognitive changes

Question 13

What are bipolar and related disorders?

Answer 13

Alternating bouts of positive affects that are followed by prolonged periods of sadness and other symptoms of depression

Question 14

What is anxiety disorders?

Answer 14

Disorders that share features of excessive fear or anxiety and related behavioural disturbances

Question 15

What are obsessive compulsive disorders?

Answer 15

Disorders characterized by repetitive thoughts or behavioural rituals

Question 16

What are trauma and stressor related disorders?

Answer 16

Disorders that reflect exposure to a distressing event or events

Question 17

What are somatic symptoms and related disorders?

Answer 17

Disorders with prominent somatic symptoms associated with impairment and distress

Question 18

What is dissociative disorder?

Answer 18

Disruption or discontinuity in the typical integration of copiousness, perception, memory, emotion, identity, or body representation

Question 19

What are feeding and eating disorders?

Answer 19

Disturbance in eating-related behaviour that impairs physical health/psychosocial functioning

Question 20

what is sexual dysfunctional disorder ?

Answer 20

Disorders with great heterogeneity that usually involve a clinically significant disturbance in the ability to respond sexually or experience sexual pleasure

Question 21

What is gender dysphoria?

Answer 21

Persistent distress due to the discrepancy between one’s expressed or experienced gender verses initially assigned gender.

Question 22

What is paraphrasing disorder?

Answer 22

Disorders that reflect intense adn persistence sexual interest other than the stimulation found in normal physically mature and consenting human partners

Question 23

What is sleep-wake disorder?

Answer 23

Disorder involving the dissatisfaction in the quality, timing/amount of sleep

Question 24

What are disruptive, impulse control and conduct disorders?

Answer 24

Under-controlled behaviours that violate the rights of others/ bring the perosn into serious conflict with societal orbs authority figures

Question 25

What are personality disorders?

Answer 25

Persuasive inflexible behavioural patters that deviate markedly with social expectation. These disorders often involve a lack of insight about how personal actions cause distress in others

Question 26

What does the neuroscience model look at?

Answer 26

- Abnormal behaviour is an it’s caused by malfunctioning brain: - genetic ineheritance - viral infection - hormones - brain structure and abnormalities - too few or too many of certain types of neurotransmitters Does not take into account additional factors such as environmental experiences

Question 27

What does the cognitive-behavioural model say?

Answer 27

- Disorders are the result form problematic learned behaviours and dysfunctional cognitive processes

Question 28

What is selective perception?

Answer 28

Seeing only the negative features of an event

Question 29

What is magnification?

Answer 29

Exaggerating the importance of undesirable events

Question 30

What is overgeneralization?

Answer 30

Drawing broad negative conclusions on the basis of a single insignificant event

Question 31

What is the psychodynamic model?

Answer 31

Abnormal behaviours or symptoms are viewed as the consequences of conflicts between these forces or as unconscious attempts to resolve conflicts and lessen painful inner turmoil. - Freud

Question 32

What is fixation?

Answer 32

Being trapped at an early stage of development

Question 33

What is the socio-cultural model?

Answer 33

A sociaty characteristics stressors for some of its members such as: - family systems - socioeconomic class membership - social change - cultural background -social networks

Question 34

What is the developmental model of psychopathology?

Answer 34

This model studies how problem behaviours evolve as a function of a persons genes and early experiences and how these early issues affect the person at later life stages

Question 35

What are risk factors?

Answer 35

Biological and environmental factors that contribute to problem outcomes

Question 36

What is equifinality?

Answer 36

The idea that different children can start from different points and wind up at the same outcome

Question 37

What is Multifinality?

Answer 37

The idea that children can start form the same point and wind up at any number of different outcomes

Question 38

What is resilience?

Answer 38

he ability to recover rom or avoid the serious effects of negative circumstances