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Anatomy > Chapter 11: Axial Musculature > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Axial Musculature Flashcards

1
Q

Occipitofrontalis (muscles in the head)

A
  • Occipital belly
  • Frontal belly
  • Origin (frontal bone)
  • Insertion (Epicranial aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica)
    -Action (retract scalp, wrinkles forehead, raise eyebrows
    -Innervation (facial N. (CN VII)
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2
Q

Levator Palpebrae
Superioris, Orbicularis Oculi, Buccinator,
Orbicularis Oris (Other muscles in the head)

A
  • Origin (lesser wing of sphenoid)
  • Insertion (Tarsal plate of superior eyelid)
    -Oculomotor n. (CN III)
    -Ptosis
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3
Q

Orbicularis Oculi (muscles in the head)

A
  • Around eye/eyelid
    -Origin (medial wall of orbit)
    -Insertion (skin surrounding eyelids)
    -Action (clint eastwood muscle)
    -Facial n. (CN VII)
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4
Q

Buccinator

A

-Trumpeter muscle
-Origin : alveolar process of mandible & maxilla
- Insertion: orbicularis oris
- Action: compresses cheek (important in sucking)
- CN VII

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5
Q

Temporalis (Muscle in the head)

A
  • Lateral side of the skull
    -Origin: temporal lines
    -Insertion: coronoid process of mandible
    -Action: Elevates & retracts mandible
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6
Q

Masseter (Muscle in the head)

A
  • Origin: Zygomatic arch
    -Insertion: coronoid process, lateral surface & angle of the mandible
    -Action: elevates & protracts mandible (prime mover of jaw elevation)
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7
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (Muscles of the Neck & Back)

A

-Anterior/lateral neck
- Origin: manubrium & sternal end of clavicle
- Insertion: Mastoid process
-Action: Neck flexion, rotation
-CN XI (Accessory nerve)

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8
Q

Pharyngeal muscles (Muscles of the Neck & Back)

A

-Used for swallowing
- Pharyngeal constrictors
- Levator veli palatini
-Tensor veli palatini (both lift soft palate)

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9
Q

Suprahyoid muscles (Muscles of the Neck & Back)

A
  • Form floor of mouth
  • Elevate hyoid during swallowing
    -Includes the Geniohyoid
    -Includes the Mylohyoid
  • Includes the Digastric (opens mouth too)
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10
Q

Infrahyoid muscles (Muscles of the Neck & Back)

A
  • Includes the sternothyroid
    -The sternothyroid
    -The thyrohyoid
    -Move hyoid/larynx (late stage swallowing)
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11
Q

Erector Spinae (Muscles of the Neck & Back)

A

-Includes Iliocostalis, Longissimus,
Spinalis
- Origin: Posterior part of iliac crest, posterior sacrum, lumbar spinous processes
-Insertion: Angles of ribs, transverse & spinous processes of cervical & thoracic vertebrae
- Extends neck & vertebral column

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12
Q

What are the actions of the muscles of the Abdominal Wall

A

-Holds abdominal organs in place
-Compress abdomen
-Flex/stabilize vertebral column

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13
Q

What are the different types of Muscles of the Abdominal Wall

A
  • Rectus Abdominus
  • Rectus Sheath
  • Linea Alba
  • External Abdominal
    Oblique
  • Internal Abdominal
    Oblique
  • Transversus
    Abdominus
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14
Q

Rectus Abdominus

A
  • Parallel fibered
    -Tendinous intersections
    -Origin: Pubic tubercle
  • Insertion: Xiphiod process of sternum, Ribs 5-7
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15
Q

Rectus Sheath

A

-Aponeurosis
-Insertions of abdominal obliques/transversus abdominus
- Linea alba
(midline, bloodless plane)

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16
Q

External Abdominal
Oblique

A
  • Most superficial
  • Fibers run inferomedially (“hands in pockets”)
    -Origin: inferior border of inferior 8 ribs
    -Insertion: linea alba & iliac crest
17
Q

Internal Abdominal
Oblique

A

-Middle layer
-Fibers run dorsomedially (“reverse hands in pockets”)
-Origin: Lumbar fascia, inguinal ligament, iliac crest
-Insertion: Linea alba, inferior ribs

18
Q

Transversus
Abdominus

A

-Deepest layer
-Fibers run lateral to medial
-Origin: Iliac crest, lumbar fascia, inguinal ligament
- Insertion: linea alba, pubic crest

19
Q

Inguinal Ligament and Inguinal Canal

A

-Ligaments runs from the ASIS to the public tubercle
-Canal formed by the descent of the gonads during development (ovaries & testes)
- Oblique tunnel: superficial & deep inguinal rings don’t overlap

20
Q

Contents of Inguinal Canal

A
  • Blood vessels, lymphatic ducts & nerves in both sexes
    -Females: round ligament of the uterus
    -Males - spermatic cord
21
Q

Inguinal Hernia

A

-Herniation
- Direct inguinal herination pushes out at the superficial ring
- Indirect inguinal herination follows the path of canal

22
Q

Pelvic Diaphragm (Muscles of the Pelvic Floor)

A

-Series of muscles (levator ani, cocygeus)
-Support pelvic viscera

23
Q

Perineum: General (Muscles of the Pelvic Floor)

A

-Diamond shaped region-Inferior to pelvic diaphragm
-Borders
(-Pubic symphysis
-Ischial tuberosities
-Coccyx)
-Contains sub regions
(-Urogential triangle
-Urethra
-Vagina (females)
-Base of penis (males)
-Anal triangle (posterior, anus)

Anatomy (82 decks)

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