Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Chapter 22: Heart System (lecture) > Flashcards

Chapter 22: Heart System (lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

features of the heart

A

-move the blood with needed circulation
-heart beats 75 times/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the two parallel pumps?

A

-pulmonary circulation
-systemic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what occurs in the pulmonary circulation?

A

takes blood to the lungs and then back to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what occurs in the systemic circulation?

A

takes blood from the heart and to the rest of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

basic pattern of blood flow

A

1) right side of heart (deoxygenated blood)
2) lungs (gas exchange)
3) left side of heart (oxygenated blood)
4) systemic cells (gas exchange)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where is the heart located?

A

-left of the body midline posterior to the sternum in the mediastinum
-sitting on diaphragm
-slightly rotated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

effects of the heart being slightly rotated

A

-its right side/ right border is located more anteriorly
-its left side/ left border is located more posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

parts of the heart

A

-base
-right border
-left border
-superior border
-inferior border
-apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the posterosuperior surface (flat side) of the heart called?

A

base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the posterosuperior surface of the heart formed by?

A

left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what do the great vessels and superior vena cava form?

A

superior border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the great vessels?

A

-aorta
-pulmonary trunk
-pulmonary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the inferior, comical end of the heart known as?

A

apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the apex of the heart formed by?

A

left ventricle (points to the left side)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the inferior border formed by?

A

right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the pericardium?

A

-a fibrous sac and serous lining
-where the heart is contained in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

function of the pericardium

A

-restricts the heart’s movements so that it doesn’t bounce and move about in the thoracic cavity
-prevents the heart from overfilling with blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what two parts is the pericardium composed of?

A

-fibrous pericardium (outer portion)
-serous pericardium (inner portion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

tissue of the fibrous pericardium

A

-tough, dense connective tissue layer
-attached inferiorly to the diaphragm and superiorly to the base of the great vessels

20
Q

tissue of serous pericardium

A

thin, double-layered serous membrane

21
Q

what is the serous pericardium subdivided into?

A

-parietal layer: liner inner surface of fibrous pericardium
-visceral layer: covers the outside of the heart (outermost layer of the heart itself)

22
Q

what is the pericardial cavity?

A

-thin space between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium
-potential space with a thin lining of serous fluid

23
Q

how does the serous fluid benefit the pericardial cavity?

A

lubricates the serous membranes and decrease friction when the heart beats

24
Q

layers of the heart

A

-epicardium (outermost layer)
-myocardium
-endocardium

25
Q

what is the epicardium composed of?

A

-serous membrane
-made up of areolar connective tissue

26
Q

what is another name for the visceral pericardium?

A

epicardium

27
Q

characteristics of the myocardium and what type of tissue does it have?

A

-middle layer of the heart wall
-composed of cardiac muscle tissue
-thickest of the three layers

28
Q

characteristics of endocardium and what type of tissue is it made of?

A

-internal surface of the heart chambers
-composed of simple squamous epithelium (to keep the blood from leaking out)

29
Q

chambers of the heart

A

-atria (left & right)
-ventricles (left & right)
-great vessels
-valves

30
Q

location and function of atria

A

-location: the left and right atria are thin-walled chambers located superiorly
-function: receive blood returning to the heart through both circulations

31
Q

where does the right atrium receive blood? where does the left atrium receive blood?

A

-right atrium: receives blood from the systemic circulation
-left atrium: receives blood from the pulmonary circulation

32
Q

location and function of ventricles

A

-location: the left and right ventricles are located in the inferior chambers
-function: force blood into the great vessels of the heart

33
Q

what two large arteries exit the heart at its superior border?

A

-pulmonary trunk (comes from the right ventricle)
-ascending aorta (comes from the left ventricle)

34
Q

what keeps the blood flowing in the correct direction (one-way flow) in the heart?

A

several valves in the heart

35
Q

parts of the atrial walls

A

-posterior wall (smooth)
-anterior wall (muscular ridges)
-interatrial septum

36
Q

characteristics and function of the atrial walls

A

-much thinner than the ventricles
-send blood into the ventricles next door

37
Q

function of the posterior wall

A

-prime ventricles: make sure ventricles fill completely before they contract

38
Q

parts of the anterior wall

A

-pectinate muscle: muscular ridgeswhat is (found in both left and right atrium)
-auricle: small flap on top of heart

39
Q

what is the interatrial septum?

A

forms a thin wall between the left and right atria

40
Q

parts of the interatrial septum

A

-fossa ovalis: oval depression that occupies former location of foramen ovale
-foramen ovale: remant of fetal structure, which shunted blood from the right atrium, to the left atrium, during fetal life

41
Q

veins leading to right atrium

A

-superior vena cava
-inferior vena cava
-coronary sinus

42
Q

function of superior vena cava

A

drains blood from the head, neck, upper limbs, and superior regions of the trunk

43
Q

function of the inferior vena cava

A

drains blood from the lower limbs, abdomen, trunk, inferior thorax

44
Q

function of the coronary sinus

A

drains blood from the heart wall

45
Q

veins leading to the left atrium

A

right (2) and left (2) pulmonary veins

46
Q

ventricular walls & vessels

A

-trabeculae carneae
-papillary muscles
interventricular septum

Anatomy (82 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions