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Anatomy > Chapter 15: Part II (Cranial Nerves) > Flashcards

Chapter 15: Part II (Cranial Nerves) Flashcards

1
Q

cranial nerves pass through _________ and it’s sheath is derived from what (these are the features of it)

A

-pass through cranial openings
-sheath derived from cranial meninges

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2
Q

functions of cranial nerves

A

motor, sensory, special sensory

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3
Q

how many pairs of cranial nerves? how are they numbered?

A

-12 pairs
-numbered based on origin from brain

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4
Q

name the 12 cranial nerves
(mnemonic to help remember cranial nerves)

A

(oh) olfactory, CN I
(once) optic, CN II
(one) oculomotor, CN III
(takes) trochlear, CN IV
(the) trigeminal, CN V
(anatomy) abducens, CN VI
(final) facial, CN VII
(very) vestibulocochlear, CN VIII
(good) glossopharyngeal, CN IX
(vacations) vagus, CN X
(are) [spinal] accessory, CN XI
(heavenly!) hypoglossal, CN XII

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5
Q

sensory function of CN I (olfactory nerve) & features

A

-sensory function: smell
-as many as 20 bundles/side
-passes through the cribriform plate
-enters olfactory bulb at end of olfactory tract

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6
Q

sensory function of CN II (optic nerve) & features

A

-sensory function: sight
-CNS tracts (part of the brain)
-optic canal
-fibers cross in optic chiasm (medial 1/2 pass to opposite side)
-optic tract

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7
Q

features of optic nerve clinical

A

-only in myelinated in sclera (oligodendrocytes not schwann cells)
-vulnerable to CNS demyelinating diseases (multiple sclerosis)

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8
Q

somatic motor function of CN III (oculomotor nerve)

A

supplies 5 extrinsic eye muscles:
-superior rectus
-inferior rectus
-medial rectus
-inferior oblique
-levator palpebrae superioris

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9
Q

which eye muscle uplifts the eye?

A

levator palpebrae

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10
Q

parasympathetic motor function of CN III (oculomotor nerve)

A

-makes pupil constrict
-ciliary body changes lens for near vision

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11
Q

somatic motor function of CN IV (trochlear nerve)

A

supplies superior oblique to move eye inferiorly and laterally

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12
Q

pathway of CN IV (trochlear nerve)

A

leaves cranium via superior orbital fissure and travels to superior oblique muscle

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13
Q

sensory function of CN V (trigeminal nerve)

A

general sensory nerve to the head

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14
Q

3 branches of CN V (trigeminal nerve)

A

-ophthalmic nerve
-maxillary nerve
-mandibular nerve

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15
Q

which branch of the CN V (trigeminal nerve) are the somatic motor fibers in?

A

mandibular branch

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16
Q

somatic motor function of CN V (trigeminal nerve)

A

innervates muscle of mastication

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17
Q

somatic motor function of CN VI (abducens nerve)

A

innervates lateral rectus for eye abduction

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18
Q

pathway of CN VI (abducens nerve)

A

leaves cranium through superior orbital fissure and travels to lateral rectus muscle

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19
Q

what is ocular palsies?

A

damage to ocular nerves

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20
Q

how can ocular palsies occur?

A

-may be driven by increase in cranial pressure
-examples: cranial hemorrhage, brain tumor

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21
Q

condition caused by oculomotor nerve damage

A

oculomotor palsy

22
Q

what happens during oculomotor palsy?

A

-ptosis (drooping eyelid)
-abducted and inferiorly directed pupil (down and out)
-dilated pupil (loss of parasympathetic)
-no pupillary light reflex

23
Q

condition caused by abducens nerve damage

A

abducent palsy

24
Q

what happens during abducent palsy?

A

-long intracranial course
-inability to abduct affected eye
-diplopia (double vision)

25
Q

pathway of CN VII (facial nerve)

A

-somatic motor axons leave the pons and enter the temporal bone through the internal acoustic meatus
-then projects through the temporal bone, and emerges through the stylomastoid foramen to supply the musculature

26
Q

somatic motor function of CN VII (facial nerve)

A

motor to muscles of facial expression

27
Q

sensory function of CN VII (facial nerve)

A

taste from anterior two-thirds of tongue
-sensory axons travel from the tongue via chorda tympani branch
-join lingual nerve

28
Q

parasympathetic motor function of CN VII (facial nerve)

A

increases secretions of the lacrimal gland of the eye as well as the sublingual and submandibular salivary glands

29
Q

clinical of CN VII (facial nerve)

A

-lesion near origin
-long bony path

30
Q

features of long origin

A

loss of taste
Bell’s palsy (motor to entire side of face)

31
Q

features of long bony path

A

viral inflammation

32
Q

sensory functions of CN VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve)

A

-cochlear branch conducts impulses for: hearing
-vestibular branch conducts impulses for: equilibrium

33
Q

pathway of CN VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve)

A

the vestibular and cochlear branches merge and together enter cranial cavity through internal acoustic meatus

34
Q

nerves of the CN VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve)

A

-vestibular nerve
-cochlear nerve

35
Q

features of the vestibular nerve

A

-maculae (position)
-ampullae of semicircular canals (rotational)

36
Q

feature of cochlear nerve

A

spinal ganglion

37
Q

sensory function of CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)

A

general sensation and taste to oropharynx and posterior 1/3 of tongue

38
Q

somatic motor function of CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)

A

innervates stylopharyngeus (pharynx muscle)

39
Q

parasympathetic motor function of CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)

A

increases secretion of parotid salivary glands

40
Q

pathway of CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)

A

sensory axons travel from posterior 1/3 of tongue and carotid bodies along nerve through the inferior or superior ganglion into the jugular foramen

41
Q

clinical of glossopharyngeal nerve

A

•Rarely injured alone
• Jugular Foramen Syndrome
- Includes CN IX. X. and XI
• Involved in sensory limb of gag reflex
- loss of reflex on affected side
“curtain sign”

42
Q

What artery does the vagus nerve (CN X) follow?

A

Carotid artery

43
Q

Parts of carotid artery

A
  • Carotid sheath
  • Branches to pharynx, heart, bronchi, larynx
44
Q

Features of vagus nerve (CN X)

A

• Esophageal plexus in
Thorax
• Vagal trunks in abdomen
- Stomach, small intestines, part of large intestines

45
Q

Is vagus nerve (CN X) sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

Parasympathetic
- thoracic and abdominal viscera to left colic flexure

46
Q

Features of the mouth relating to the Vagus nerve (CN X)

A

• Muscles of pharynx & soft palate (gag reflex)
• Taste from root of tongue

47
Q

What type of sensory in the thorax and abdomen from the vagus nerve (CN X)?

A

• Visceral sensory in thorax and abdomen

48
Q

Parts of the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

A

• Jugular Foramen
• Motor to
- Sternocleidomastoid m.
- Trapezius

49
Q

Functions of the hypoglossal nerve (CN XI)

A

• Motor to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the longue
• Paralysis of tongue if damaged

50
Q

Cranial nerves broken down into cranial nerve fibers:

I. Olfactory
II. Optic
III. Oculomotor
IV. Trochlear
V. Trigeminal
VI. Abducent
VII. Facial
VIII. Vestibulochochlear
IX. Glossopharyngeal
X. Vagus
XI. Spinal Accessory
XII. Hypoglossal

A

Sensory (Some)
Sensory (Say)
Motor (Marry)
Motor (Money)
Both (But)
Motor (My)
Both (Brother)
Sensory (Says)
Both (Big)
Both (Brains)
Motor (Matter)
Motor (More)

Anatomy (82 decks)

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