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Anatomy > Chapter 28: Reproductive system (Male reproductive system) (Lecture) SYDNEY > Flashcards

Chapter 28: Reproductive system (Male reproductive system) (Lecture) SYDNEY Flashcards

1
Q

Looking at the male reproductive system from an overview perspective what are some features of it?

A
  1. Has Testes
    - Which contains the gonad to produce male sperm
  2. Has a variety of ducts conducting the sperm
    – Epididymis
    – Ductus deferens
    – Urethra
  3. Has accessory glands
    – Seminal vesicle
    – Prostate gland
    – Bulbourethral gland
  4. Has a penis
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2
Q

__________ is the oval sex organ for males

A

testis (two, testes -one)

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3
Q

Tesis produce sperm & ____________

A

Androgens (male hormones) (most common is testosterone)

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4
Q

The testis is located in the ___________

A

Scrotum

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5
Q

Describe the Scrotum

A

Its a skin covered sac between thighs ( & the reason for it is because ideal temp for sperm production is 3 degrees celsius lower than body temp)

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6
Q

In the Scrotum what muscle is in the spermatic cord?

A

Cremasteric muscle

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7
Q

In the Scrotum, what muscle is located in the scrotal wall?

A

Dartos Muscle

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8
Q

What are the functions of the Cremasteric muscle & Dartos Muscle?

A
  • They relax the testes exposed to elevated temperatures/ can contract and pull testes closer to body wall when cold

-Testis move inferiorly & cool

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9
Q

The testis are divided into __________

A

Lobules

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10
Q

Each Lobules contains _____________ & what occurs inside them?

A

Seminiferous tubules (4 in each lobule) & spermatogenesis occurs in them

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11
Q

The walls of the Seminiferous tubules are lined with __________ cells

A

Sustentacular
(Sertoli) Cells

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12
Q

Sustentacular
(Sertoli) Cells does what?

A
  • Protect & Nourish developing sperms
  • Produce the hormone inhibin (which regulates sperm production)
  • Acts as a blood test barrier (tight junctions between cells)
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13
Q

___________ cells sit in between the Sustentacular (Sertoli) cells

A

Interstitial (Leydig)
Cells

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14
Q

Where are Interstitial (Leydig) Cells located?

A

Outside seminiferous tubules

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15
Q

What is the function of Interstitial (Leydig) Cells?

A

Secrete Androgen

-Male sex hormones
-E.g. testosterone
-Secondary sex characteristic

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16
Q

Sperm are produce through what process?

A

Spermatogenesis (process starts at puberty)

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17
Q

What is the structure of sperm?

A

– Head
* Acrosome cap
* Nucleus

– Midpiece
* Has Mitochondria

– Tail
* Flagellum
–Organized microtubules

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18
Q

Sperm leaves the testis & enters a structure called what?

A

Epididymis

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19
Q

What is the location of the Epididymis?

A

Superior & posterior surface of testis

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20
Q

Describe how the Epididymis looks

A

Comma shaped
(4-5m duct coiled inside)

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21
Q

What is the function of the Epididymis?

A

stores sperm until it matures

(2-weeks from time of formation in seminiferous tubules)

22
Q

The Epididymis attaches to the _______________

A

Vas Deferens (Ductus Deferens)

23
Q

Describe the Vas Deferens (Ductus Deferens)

A

Thicked wall (30-45cm long)

24
Q

What is the function of the Vas Deferens (Ductus Deferens)?

A

Conducts sperm

  • 3 layers of smooth muscle
  • Move sperm (not swimming yet)
25
Q

What path does the Vas Deferens (Ductus Deferens) take?

A
  • Spermatic cord
    *with testicular a. & w.
    *through inguinal canal

– Separates in pelvic
cavity

-Inferior & posterior to bladder

-swells forming ampulla

-joins seminal vesicle

-Ends at prostate gland (ejaculatory duct)

26
Q

Describe ejaculatory duct & its location

A

Posterior & superior prostate gland

27
Q

What is the function of the ejaculatory duct?

A

From ductus deferens to uretha

28
Q

What is the location of the Accessory Glands: Seminal Vesicles?

A

Posterior to the bladder & joins ductus deferens at ejaculatory duct

29
Q

What is the role of Accessory Glands: Seminal Vesicles?

A

Secretion of sperm to semen & nourish sperm

30
Q

Describe the Accessory Glands: Prostate Gland

A

Its the size of a walnut

31
Q

What is the location of the Accessory Glands: Prostate Gland?

A

Inferior to bladder

32
Q

What is the role of Accessory Glands: Prostate Gland?

A

Secrition of:
- Citric Acid ( nuritent for sperm)

-Seminalplasmin
(antibiotic fights male UTI)

-Prostate specific antigen
(Enzyme to liquidity semen)

33
Q

What is the clinical problems of enlarge prostate?

A

-Difficulty urinating
- Increase prostate -specific -antigen in blood

34
Q

Describe the Bulbourethral Glands (Cowper’s Glands)

A

Its Pea-Shaped

35
Q

What is the location of the Bulbourethral Glands (Cowper’s Glands)?

A

Within urogenital diaphragm

36
Q

What is the function of the Bulbourethral Glands (Cowper’s Glands)?

A

Produces mucin
(Lubricates semen)

37
Q

What is the definition of the semen?

A

Its secretion & sperm

38
Q

What is usually the sperm count in semen?

A

200-500 million sperm (infertile then under 15 million)

39
Q

What is the definition of ejaculation?

A

Expulsion of semen

40
Q

ejaculation is controlled by what type of muscle?

A

Smooth muscle

41
Q

ejaculation is controlled by what?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

42
Q

What are the 3 main sections of the penis?

A

– Corpora Cavernosa (2 of them)
– Corpus Spongiosum (surrounds urethra)

43
Q

The root of the penis has what?

A

– Internal
– Bulb
– Crura (leg of the penis,a anchors it)

44
Q

Glans is the ______ of penis

A

The tip

45
Q

The Corpora Cavernosa & Corpus Spongiosum are filled by what type of tissue?

A

Erectile tissue

46
Q

Erectile tissue are filled with ___________

A

Tunica albuginea

47
Q

_______ spaces are the spaces in the erectile tissue

A

Venous spaces

48
Q

Blood comes into erectile tissue through _________ arteriole

A

Central arteriole

49
Q

What is the function of the erectile tissue?

A

Fills with blood

-Compresses veins
-Becomes rigid

50
Q

The erectile tissue becomes rigid & stimulated under the _____________ system

A

Parasympathetic
(Innervation)

Anatomy (82 decks)

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