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BOTANY 🌱 GOD Level 🎚️ > Morphology Of Plants🌿 > Flashcards

Morphology Of Plants🌿 Flashcards

1
Q

Which phylum under plant kingdom show the largest diversity(wide range) in external structure?

A

Angiosperms (Higher Plants)
Because of presence of roots, stems, leaves,flowers, fruits, show wide range Morphology

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2
Q

Why there are variations in different parts of plants.

A

Variations are due to ADAPTATIONS of plants to their respective environments and habitats for PROTECTION, CLIMBING, and STORAGE etc.

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3
Q

Differentiate between Root System and Shoot System.

A

Portion above ground is known as shoot system, whether the underground part is known as root system.

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4
Q

In DICOT plants, elongation of what part leads to formation of root?

A

Radicle leads to formation of PRIMARY root!

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5
Q

What are Secondary and Tertiary Roots?

A

Primary Root Bears LATERAL ROOTS of Several Orders.

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6
Q

What is taproot system?

A

Primary Roots and Its Branches Constitute it.

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7
Q

Which plant is an example of taproot system?

A

Mustard

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8
Q

In monocot plant, what happens to the primary root?

A

Primary root is short-lived and is replaced by large number of roots.

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9
Q

What constitutes the fibrous root system?

A

Large number of roots ORIGINATE FROM the BASE OF STEM of MONOCOT plants when the primary root is replaced. These constitute fibrous root system.

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10
Q

Which plant shows fibrous root system?

A

Wheat

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11
Q

What are Adventitious Roots?

A

When roots arise from parts of plant other than radicle are called adventitious roots.
EX- GRASS, MONSTERA AND BANYAN TREE!

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12
Q

What are the main functions of root system?

A

•Absorption of water and minerals from soil.
•Provide proper anchorage to plant parts. •Storing of reserve food material and •Synthesis of PGRS.

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13
Q

What are some basic regions of Root?

A

•Region of Meristematic Activity,
•Region of Elongation,
•Region of Maturation

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14
Q

What is Root Cap?

A

Root is covered at apex by a thimble-like structure.

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15
Q

What are the functions of RootCap?

A

•Protects the tender apex of root
•and makes the way through the soil.

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16
Q

What happens in the region of Meristematic Activity and where it is located?

A

Cells in this region are VERY SMALL, THIN-WALLED, and with DENSE PROTOPLASM. They divide repetitively. The region of Meristematic activity is a few millimeters above the root cap.

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17
Q

Which region is responsible for growth of root in length?

A

Region of Elongation
Which is proximal to the region of meristematic activity. Region of elongation has cells that undergo rapid elongation and enlargement.

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18
Q

Define region of maturation.

A

The cells of elongation zone gradually differentiate and mature forming region of maturation. Both are proximal to each other.

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19
Q

What are Root Hairs?

A

EPIDERMAL cells that form very fine and delicate THREAD-LIKE structures in the region of maturation are known as root hairs.

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20
Q

What is the function of root hairs?

A

Absorb water and minerals from soil.

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21
Q

What do you mean by modification of root?

A

Roots in some plants CHANGE their SHAPE and STRUCTURE and become modified to perform functions other than absorption and conduction of water and minerals.

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22
Q

What are the functions of Modified Root?

A

•Support,
•Storage of Food,
•Respiration

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23
Q

TAP root of which plants are modified gets swollen and store food?

A

Carrot and Turnip

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24
Q

Adventitious roots of which plant swell and store food as it’s modification?

A

Sweet Potato 🍠

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25
Q

What are prop roots?

A

Roots that are modified for the SUPPORT of plant as hanging structures are known as Prop Roots. Example, BANYAN TREE.

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26
Q

What are Stilt Roots?

A

Supporting Roots When Come Out Of Lower Nodes Of Stem. Example-
•Maize
•Sugarcane

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27
Q

What are Pneumatophores?

A

When plants grow in swampy areas, many roots come out of ground and grow vertically upwards. These roots help in plants to get oxygen and are modified for RESPIRATION!
Example- RHIZOPHORA

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28
Q

What is a stem?

A

Ascending part of the axis spreading branches, bearing leaves, flowers, and fruits.(It’s main function)

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29
Q

What’s difference between nodes and internodes which are present on stem?

A

The region of stem where leaves are born (develop) are called nodes, while the portion between two nodes are called internodes.

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30
Q

Explain the Transformation of Stem

A

Stem develops from the plumule of embryo of germinating seed, then it becomes green when young and later becomes woody and dark brown.

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31
Q

What are some other functions of a stem other than bearing flowers, leaves, and fruits?

A

It conducts water and minerals, and photosynthates, some perform storage of food, support, protection, and vegetative propagation.

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32
Q

In which modification of stem, they store food, give examples.

A

UNDERGROUND STEMS of
•Potato,
•ginger,
•turmeric,
•zaminkand
•colocasia

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33
Q

What is perennation and which organ acts as organ of perennation to tide over conditions that are unfavorable for growth?

A

Stem give plant an ability to withstand and survive in unfavorable conditions.

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34
Q

Stem Bears Buds, Axillary and Terminal What are their functions?

A

•Stem develops into tendrils, which help plants to climb.
•Axiliary Birds of stem get modified into woody, straight, and pointed thorns. They protect plants from browsing animals.

35
Q

In which plants tendrils develop?

A

GOURDS and Grapevines
Example of Gourds:
•Cucumber
•Pumpkin
•Watermelon

36
Q

Thorns modification is found in which plants?

A

•Bougainvillea
•Citrus

37
Q

In what shape the stem modify itself in arid regions?

A

•Opuntia->Flattened
•Euphorbia->Cylindrical
Stems here contain chlorophyll and carry Photosynthesis!

38
Q

Underground stems spread to new niches, and when older parts die, new plants are formed. Examples?

A

Grass and Strawberry

39
Q

In which plants does the LATERAL branches originating from the BASE of underground portion of main stem grow HORIZONTALly BENEATH the soil and come out OBLIQUELY upward and give rise to the LEAFY SHOOTS?

A

•Banana
•Pineapple
•Chrysanthemum

40
Q

The rosette of leaves and tuft of roots are found in

A

AQUATIC plants like PISTIA and EICHHORNIA.

41
Q

A rosette of leaves and tufts of roots is found on

A

Node of lateral branch which has short internodes.

42
Q

In which plants, LATERAL branch arises from the BASE OF MAIN AXIS, and after GROWing AERIALLY for some time, ARCHes DOWN to touch the ground.

A

•Mint
•Jasmine
Lateral branch is very slender in both!

43
Q

How to recognise leaf 🌿?

A

LATERAL and FLATTENED structure born on stem is known as leaf.

44
Q

Where is axiliary bud found?

A

Axillary bud is found in the axil of leaf where it is attached to the node.

45
Q

Axiliary bud develops into which structure of plant?

A

Branches

46
Q

Leaves originated from which Meristem?

A

Shoot apical Meristem

47
Q

What is the name given to the order of arrangement of leaves on stem?

A

Acropetal

48
Q

which is the most important vegetative organ for photosynthesis.

A

Leaf

49
Q

What are the three main parts of LEAF?

A

•Leaf Base,
•Petiole, and
•Lamina

50
Q

Leaf is attached to the stem by which part?

A

mainly by LEAF BASE and STIPULES(only in some).

51
Q

What are Stipules?

A

Leaf base bear TWO SMALL LATERAL LEAF-LIKE structures. These are called stipules.

52
Q

What is the modification of leaf base in monocots?

A

Leaf base expands into SHEATH covering of stem partially or wholly.

53
Q

What happens to the leaf base of LEGUMINOUS plants?

A

Leaf base becomes swollen, which is called PULVINUS.

54
Q

What is the function of petiole in leaf?

A

It helps the leaf blade by holding it to the position of light.It allows the leaf blades to flutter in wind, thereby cooling the leaf and bringing fresh air to the leaf surface.

55
Q

How to recognize the petiole in a leaf?

A

These are LONG, THIN, and FLEXIBLE. Attach the leaf blades to the stem.

56
Q

Explain the leaf blade.

A

Leaf blade or LAMINA is the green, EXPANDED part of leaf with veins and veinlets.

57
Q

What does the veins provide to the leaf blade?

A

Veins provide RIGIDITY to the leaf blade and act as CHANNELS OF TRANSPORT of water, minerals, and food materials.

58
Q

What is MidRib?

A

Middle prominent vein

59
Q

What are the properties that vary according to the type of leaves?

A

•Shape,
•margin,
•apex,
•surface, and
•extent of incision of lamina varies in different leaves.

60
Q

What is Venation?

A

ARRANGEMENT of veins and veinlets in lamina of leaf is known as venation.

61
Q

What is Reticulate Venation? and is generally found in which type of plants.

A

When veinlets form network, then the venation is termed as reticulate. Mostly found in DICOTS.

62
Q

When veins run PARALLEL to each other within lamina, the term used for venation is called? and its characteristic feature of which type of plants.

A

Parallel Venation is characteristic of most of the monocots, but not of all.

63
Q

How many types of leaves are there in different plants?

A

Two;
•Simple
•Compound
1)Pinnate
2)Palmate

64
Q

How to recognize a SIMPLE leaf?

A

When lamina is entire or when incision is there that do not touch the midrib and NOT break the lamina into number of leaflets.

65
Q

How to recognize a compound leaf.

A

When the incisions of lamina reach up to the midrib, breaking it into the number of leaflets.

66
Q

Open the Mystery Box📦

A

A bud is present in the axil of petiole in both simple and compound leaves, but not in the axils of leaflets of compound leaf.

67
Q

What is the name of midrib of the type of leaves such as NEEM?

A

Neem is a pinnately compound leaf and the midrib of pinnately compound leaf is called RACHIS.

68
Q

How to recognize a pinnately compound leaf

A

Number of leaflets are present on a COMMON AXIS called rachis(midrib).

69
Q

How To Recognize Palmately Compound Leaves🍀

A

The leaflets are attached to a common point at the TIP OF THE PETIOLE.

70
Q

Name an example of palmately compounded leaf.

A

Silk cotton

71
Q

What is the PATTERN OF ARRANGEMENT of leaves ON STEM OR BRANCH called?

A

Phyllotaxy

72
Q

What are the three types of Phyllotaxy?

A

•Alternate
•Opposite
•Whorled

73
Q

What is the alternate type of Phyllotaxy?

A

When a SINGLE leaf arises at EACH node in ALTERNATE manner.

74
Q

What are the examples of alternate type of Phyllotaxy?

A

•China Rose🌺
•Sun Flower🌻
•Mustard
Trick: ChSMu

75
Q

What is the opposite type of Phyllotaxy?

A

When PAIR OF LEAVES arise at each node and lie opposite to each other,

76
Q

What are the examples of opposite type of Phyllotaxy?

A

•Calotropis
•Guava

77
Q

What is Whorled type of Phyllotaxy?

A

If MORE THAN TWO leaves arise at a node and form a whorl.

78
Q

Example of Whorl Phyllotaxy?

A

Alstonia

79
Q

Why are leaves often modified?

A

To perform functions such as:
•climbing,
•for defense,
•to store food.

80
Q

For climbing purposes, leaves are converted into_____, in which plant?

A

Tendrils in Pea🫛Plant!

81
Q

For defense purposes, leaves are modified into_____,in which plant?

A

Spines in Cacti or 🌵

82
Q

For storing the food, leaves become______,in which plants?

A

Fleshy in 🧄 Garlic and 🧅 Onion!

83
Q

Where the petioles become important in AUSTRALIAN ACACIA.

A

The leaves are SMALL and short-lived. Hence the PETIOLES of Acacia EXPAND and BECOME GREEN and synthesize food.

84
Q

What are the some examples of Insectivorous plants having modified leaves?

A

•Venous Fly Trap
•Pitcher Plant

BOTANY 🌱 GOD Level 🎚️ (11 decks)

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