Biomolecules Flashcards
Which is sphere consists of the living organism?
Biosphere
Despite the wide diversity found in living organisms they all are same in their?
Elemental composition and Chemicals found in them
How do we know that the elemental composition of all living organisms are same?
Elemental analysis
Why do we do elemental analysis?Where it is performed?
To know about the inorganic and organic, elements and compounds inside the plant tissue, animal tissue and microbial paste.
Which type of elements and compounds are found in living organisms?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Chlorine
What happened after scientist did elemental analysis of the earth’s crust?
Similar list of chemicals were found in it.
After the elemental analysis of living tissues and non living matter the similar list was obtained for the constituent chemicals but there was a difference in?
Relative abundance of carbon and hydrogen with respect to the other elements it was found more in living organism than earth crust.
Unit for measuring the chemical constituent’s amount inside a living tissue?
Content per unit mass of living tissue!
Scientist use which living tissues for elemental analysis?
•Piece of liver
•leaf
•vegetable
How can we find the type of organic compound in living organism?
Perform chemical analysis
How to perform chemical analysis?
Grind the living tissue inside TRICHLORO ACETIC acid using mortar and pestle.
What product do we obtain from the chemical analysis?
Thick Slurry
What to do with the thick slurry obtained from the chemical analysis?
Strain through CHEESE CLOTH/COTTON we obtain Two fractions!
What are the two fractions obtained by the chemical analysis of living tissue?
•Filtrate/acid soluble pool
•Retenate/acid insoluble pool
What TYPE of Compounds are generally found in acid soluble pool?
•Thousands of organic compounds
•Inorganic- sulphates and phosphates
What do the scientist do for the elemental analysis?
•Analyse living tissue sample
•identify particular organic compound
How to identify a particular organic compound from the thick slurry obtained from the chemical analysis?
•Use separation techniques on the extract obtained.
•Isolate each and every compound from each other
•Obtain pure compounds
To find a compound MOLECULAR FORMULA or STRUCTURE we use which type of technique?
Analytical
What are biomolecules?
All carbon compounds we get from living tissues.
How do the scientist new that inorganic compounds are also present in living tissues?
Destructive Experiment
What are the steps of the destructive experiment?
•Find Wet Weight
•Find Dry Weight
•Make Ash of the living tissue
•Analyse ash
What is wet weight?
Weighing a Living tissue directly
What is dry weight? How to obtain it?
•When a living tissues get rid of all the water present in it. Weighing is done, the weight obtained is called dry weight.
•Evaporate all the water present in the wet weight of the living tissue.
How to remove all the carbon compounds from the dry weight for the analysis of inorganic constituents present in the living tissue?
•FULLY BURN the living tissue when it has dry weight.
•All the carbon compounds get oxidised to gas due to this.(Biomolecules)
What are the products removed after the oxidation of the biomolecules present in the living tissue?
H2O and CO2
What is the result of fully burning the dry weight?
Ash
What does the ash of the living tissue contain?
Inorganic elements like
CALCIUM,
POTASSIUM,
SODIUM,
MAGNESIUM,
H2O,
NaCl,
CaCO3,
PO4,
SO4.
Overall the analysis of compounds give the idea of?
Organic and inorganic constituents in living tissues.
What are the compounds seen aaise hi after the fuddu analysis? Chemistry POV
Aldehydes
Ketones
Aromatic compounds
What are the compounds seen after aaise hi fuddu analysis? Biological POV
Amino acids
Nucleotide bases
Fatty acids
What is the percentage weight of oxygen present in Earth’s crust versus Human body?
Earth’s crust - 46.6%
#Human Body - 65% (Max)
Which element is found negligible in percentage weight of earth crust versus Human body?
Earth’s Crust- Nitrogen
Human Body- Silicon
What is the percentage weight of carbon in Earth crust vs human body?
Earth’s crust - 0.03%
Human Body - 18.5% (2nd Highest after Oxygen)
Which two elements are maximum in weight percent of earth crust?
Oxygen) 46.6%
Silicon) 27.7%
What are amino acids? Organic or Inorganic?
Organic compounds containing;
•Amino group
•Acid Groups
Both as Substituents on same alpha-Carbon
Why alpha amino acids are referred as SUBSTITUTED METHANE?
For substituents groups occupied for valency positions.
What are the four substitutent groups present in Alpha amino acids?
Hydrogen (-H)
Carboxyl group (-COOH)
Amino group(-NH3)
Variable group (-R)
There are many types of amino acids, types of amino acids are based on?
Nature of the variable group (-R)
How many types of amino acids are there in number which occur in proteins?
20
Name the amino acid on the basis of variable group;
•-H
•-CH3 (methyl group)
•-CH2-OH (hydroxy methyl)
•Glycine
•Alanine
•Serine
How are the physical and chemical properties of amino acids decided generally?
They are the chemical and physical properties of amino, carboxyl and the variable function group’s.
What decides that if a amino acid will be acidic, neutral or basic?
The number of amino and carboxyl groups
Name a amino acid which is;
•Acidic
•Basic
•Neutral
Glutamic acid
Lysine
Valine
Name Aromatic amino acids?
Tyrosine
Phenylalanine
Tryptophane
Structure of amino acids change in solutions of different PH why?
Due to the ionizable nature of:
•-NH2
•-COOH groups
When both positive and negative charge are present separately on an amino acid the ionic form is called?
Zwitterionic
What are lipids? Please Check Diagram 9.1
•Simple fatty acids(generally)
•Glycerol/Trihydroxypropane
OHCH2-CHOH-CH2OH
•Glycerides
Why Lipids are under acid insoluble fraction or retentate?
They form Vesicles which are not water soluble.
What are simple fatty acids?
Carboxyl group attached to -R.
Here R can be CH3, C2H5 or RANGE FROM (1-19 CARBONS)
How many types of simple fatty acids are there?
Based on the no. of bonds between atoms they may be:
•Saturated - Single bonded C-C atoms
•Unsaturated - Double/Triple bonded Carbon atoms