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BOTANY 🌱 GOD Level 🎚️ > Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants > Flashcards

Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants Flashcards

1
Q

What are the AIDS of SEXUAL Reproduction that human use for themselves?

A

Scents
Perfumes
Colourful Bouquet

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2
Q

What are the end products of sexual reproduction?

A

Fruits
Seeds

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3
Q

Why are flowers important to humans?

A

Aesthetic
Ornamental
Social, Cultural and religious celebrations.

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4
Q

What is floriculture?

A

Growing of ornamental flowering plants purposefully.

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5
Q

What are some examples of ornamental flowers?

A

Rose
Petunia
Lavender etc.

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6
Q

Why there is wide range of diversity in structures of plant?

A

Due to sexual behaviour.
They show range of adaptation!

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7
Q

What plant parts show the wide range of diversity?

A

Flower, floral parts and inflorescence

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8
Q

Why do biologists study flower?

A

Morphological and embryological reasons!

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9
Q

It is said that plant takes decision way before the time for having a flower or not. What changes happen if plant has to make a flower?

A

Hormonal and structural change

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10
Q

What are the steps of having flower?

A

Plant goes through HORMONAL and STRUCTURAL change
β€’Differentiate and
β€’Develop FLORAL PRIMORDIUM.

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11
Q

What does the floral primordium do?

A

It contributes in inflorescence formation.

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12
Q

What does the inflorescence do?

A

Bear Floral Buds which later form flowers

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13
Q

What changes happen when floral buds are converted into flowers?

A

β€’Androecium differentiate into the whorl of stamen
β€’Gynoecium develop into female reproductive system

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14
Q

What does stemen consists of:

A

Filament and
Anther

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15
Q

Filament?

A

Long
Slender Stalk

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16
Q

What are the proximal ends of filament connected to?

A

Petals or thalamus

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17
Q

Anther?

A

Terminal
Bilobed structure

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18
Q

Why it is said that different species of plants show different variety of androecium?

A

Number of stamen
Length of stamen
Size of stamen
Range of shape of anther
Range of attachment of anther is different in different flowers

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19
Q

Anther is bilobed. What does the lobe of anther consist? What are the lobe of anther called?

A

Each lobe has two THECA.
Ditheceous

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20
Q

How is anther a tetragonal structure?

A

Anther has four sides

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21
Q

What does the four sides of anther constitute?

A

Four microsporangias

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22
Q

Microsporangia develop into?

A

Pollen sac

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23
Q

Pollen grains are packed into?

A

Pollen sac

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24
Q

Can we calculate the length of the pollen sac?

A

The length of the anther is answer

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25
Q

What is the shape of the outline obtained if we do transverse section of microsporangia?

A

Circular

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26
Q

What are the various types of tissues found in the wall layer of microsporangia?

A

There is 4 wall layer:
Epidermis
Endothecium
Middle layer
Tapetum

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27
Q

The outer wall of microsporangia consists of?

A

Epidermis, Endothecium and middle layer

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28
Q

What is the function of outer wall of microsporangia

A

Protection and
help in Dehiscence] release of Pollen.

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29
Q

What is the function of tapetum?

A

Nourishes the developing pollen grain.

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30
Q

What are the specials in the cells of tapetum?

A

β€’Dense cytoplasm
β€’more than one nucleus

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31
Q

How tapetal cells become binucleate?

A

Karyokinesis doesn’t follow cytokinesis in tapetal cells.

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32
Q

What does the centre of microsporangia consist in the YOUNG anther?

A

Sporogeneous tissue

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33
Q

What are sporogenous tissue?

A

Group of COMPACTLY arranged HOMOGENEOUS cells at centre of EACH microsporangium.

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34
Q

Each cell of sporogenous tissue is important because?

A

Each cell give rise to Microspore mother cell which will give rise to a potential pollen grain.

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35
Q

What is the other name of microspore mother cell?

A

Pollen mother cell

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36
Q

When does microsporogenesis process happen?

A

When anther develops

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37
Q

Explain microsporogenesis?

A

When cells of sporogenous tissue meiotically divide into microspore mother cell which in turn develop by meiosis into microspore tetrad.

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38
Q

What is microspore tetrad?

A

Arrangement of 4 cells in cluster.

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39
Q

What is the ploidy of cells of tetrad?

A

Haploid

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40
Q

What happens when anthers mature?

A

Dehydrate
Microspore tetrad cells dissociate from each other.

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41
Q

What happens when microspores of microspore tetrad dissociate from each other?

A

Develop into pollen grains.

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42
Q

What is a pollen grain?

A

Male gametophyte

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43
Q

How many pollen grains are found in one microsporangium?

A

Thousands

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44
Q

What is the texture and colour of pollen grains of hibiscus?

A

Powdery
yellow

45
Q

Shape of pollen?

A

Spherical

46
Q

What is the diameter of pollen?

A

25-50 micrometre

47
Q

Why it is said that Pollen show variety of architecture?

A

Different species the
β€’size
β€’shape
β€’colour and
β€’designs of pollen differ

48
Q

How to perform experiment with pollen?

A

Sprinkle pollen grains on drop of water
Take glass slide under microscope!

49
Q

How is pollen protected?

A

Pollen has Two layered wall

50
Q

Outer wall of pollen?

A

Exine

51
Q

Properties of Exine?

A

Hard because has sporopollenin

52
Q

Sporopollenin? And it’s properties

A

Most resistant organic material.
No enzyme can dehydrate is sporopollenin.
High temperature, strong acid or alkali can do nothing to it.

53
Q

Why pollen grains are called well preserved fossils?

A

Because of the sporopollenin it possesses

54
Q

What are germ pores?

A

Prominent apparatus present on exine.
Sporopollenin is absent here.

55
Q

Patterns and designs of pollen are due to?

A

Exine

56
Q

Inner wall of pollen?

A

Intine

57
Q

Properties of intine?

A

Thin
Continuous

58
Q

Properties of intine?

A

Thin
Continuous

59
Q

Intine is made up of?

A

Cellulose
Pectin

60
Q

What happens when pollen grain becomes mature?

A

Has two cells:
Vegetative cell and generative cell

61
Q

What are the properties of vegetative cell

A

β€’Bigger
β€’Food reserve
β€’Large irregular nucleus

62
Q

What are the properties of generative cell?

A

Small
Spindle shaped
Dense cytoplasm
Dense nucleus
Floats in cytoplasm of vegetative cell

63
Q

What’s inside pollen grain?

A

The cytoplasm of pollen grain is surrounded by plasma membrane.

64
Q

Function of germ pore?

A

Help in formation of pollen tube and release male gamete during fertilization

65
Q

When does pollen grain shed?

A

At 2 cell stage in 60% angiosperms.
What about rest?

66
Q

What is 3 cell stage shed?

A

Generative cell divides into two male gametes by MITOSIS.

67
Q

Pollen grains are used as supplement tablets and syrups why?

A

Rich in nutrient they increase performance of athletes and race horses.

68
Q

How are pollen grain harmful to human?

A

Cause allergies
Bronchial afflictions causing harm
Chronic respiratory disorders like asthama and bronchitis

69
Q

What is the story of carrot grass?

A

Parthenium or carrot grass is contaminant of imported wheat causes pollen allergy. It’s ubiquitous and found everywhere.

70
Q

Why pollen grains have to land on stigma as fast as possible after shedding?

A

They lose viability(ability to germinate) for fertilization.

71
Q

Period of viability is different because it depends on?

A

Prevailing temperature
Humidity

72
Q

What is the viability period of important examples? RICE, WHEAT
ROSACEAE
LEGUMINOCEAE
SOLANACEAE

A

Rice and wheat lose viability after shading of 30 minutes.
Rest all have viability of months.

73
Q

Where is pollen stored and how?

A

Pollen banks
In liquid nitrogen (at -196Β°C)

74
Q

How does pollen banks help?

A

Store large number of species of pollen and not let pollen lose its viability for years.

75
Q

Where are seeds stored and under which program?

A

Seed banks
Crop breeding programs

76
Q

Artificial insemination?

A

Sperms of animals and humans stored for insemination purposes.

77
Q

All angiosperms reproduce by which mode?

A

Sexual

78
Q

Female reproductive part of a flower is represented by?

A

Gynoecium

79
Q

What does a gynoecium consist?

A

Pistil

80
Q

If a gynoecium consist a single pistil, the condition is

A

Monocarpellary

81
Q

If a gynoecium consist more than one pistil, the condition is called

A

Multi-carpellary

82
Q

Multi-carpellary is further divided into?

A

Syncarpous
Apocarpous

83
Q

What is syncarpous condition?

A

When there are more than one pistil fused together.

84
Q

What is apocarpous condition?

A

When there are more than one pistils but free.

85
Q

How many parts a pistil has?

A

Stigma
Style
Ovary

86
Q

Which part serves as a landing platform for pollen grains?

A

Stigma

87
Q

What is style?

A

Elongated
Slender
Part beneath the stigma

88
Q

What is ovary?

A

Basal
Bulged part of pistil.

89
Q

What is locule?

A

The ovarian cavity inside ovary.

90
Q

Where is placenta located?

A

Inside the ovarian cavity

91
Q

What arises from placenta?

A

Ovules

92
Q

What is other name of ovule?

A

Mega sporangia

93
Q

What is the number of ovule present in the ovary of WHEAT, PADDY AND MANGO?

A

One

94
Q

What is the number of ovule found in ovary of PAPAYA, WATERMELON AND ORCHIDS?

A

Many

95
Q

Example of syncarpous pistil?

A

Papaver

96
Q

Example of Apocarpous pistil?

A

Michelia

97
Q

What part is beneath the ovary?

A

Thalamus

98
Q

What forms the pistil?

A

Carpels

99
Q

Explain the appearance of ovule?

A

Small structure attached to placenta

100
Q

Ovule is attached to placenta by means of?

A

Funicle

101
Q

Funicle?

A

Stalk

102
Q

What is hilum?

A

Junction between ovule and funicle. Body of ovule fuses with funicle in the hilum region.

103
Q

The protective envelopes of ovule are called?

A

Integuments

104
Q

What does integument do?

A

In circle the nucellus. (Except at the TIP)

105
Q

What is nucellus?

A

Mass of cells inclosed within integuments

106
Q

As integuments do not in circle nucellus at the tip the small opening is called?

A

Organised Micropyle

107
Q

What is found opposite to the micropylar pole?

A

Chalazal pole

108
Q

What does chalaza represent?

A

Basal part of ovule

109
Q

What is embryo sac? Where it is located?

A

Female gametophyte
In nucellus

BOTANY 🌱 GOD Level 🎚️ (11 decks)

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